旋转式心脏泵的多目标变转速控制

For compact structure, few moving parts and high reliability, rotary blood pumps have been a valid treatment of end-stage heart failure or a bridge to transplantation. In order to solve the problem of long term complications of the rotary blood pumps operating in a constant speed, a novel multi-objective varying speed control system with high reliability is proposed. A physiological reference model will be introduced for speed regulation, offering increased arterial pulsatility. The detecting and elimination of left ventricular suction, pump regurgitation will enhance the reliability of the long term support of rotary blood pumps. A new blood pump model based on characteristics is put forward and the coupled model of cardiovascular system and the rotary blood pump is optimized. The influence of the control mode on the hemodynamics of the system is investigated. Based on the effect of the varying speed control on improving arterial pulsatility, ventricular unloading, the design principle and optimal method of the proposed control system are summarized. After investigation the mechanism of suction, regurgitation , the detection and elimination of suction and regurgitation will be achieved. Based on the experimental platform of blood circulation, overall performance is experimentally analyzed and evaluated. The basic problems of science can be clarified. For physiological control and suction, regurgitation detection and elimination, the methods of individual analysis and integrated design are explored. The general rules of the design of multi-objective varying speed control are also revealed. This project lays theoretical and experimental foundations for their applications in artificial hearts.

旋转式心脏泵结构紧凑、运动部件少、可靠性高，成为终末期心衰患者的治疗方法和移植手术的过渡。克服现有定转速控制方式在长期辅助中的并发症问题，提出一种高可靠性多目标变转速控制系统。引入生理参考模型调节转速，提高血流搏动性等生理性能；对左心室抽吸、心脏泵反流进行检测和控制，提高了系统可靠性。提出基于水力特性的心脏泵新模型，建立优化的心血管系统和心脏泵耦合模型，研究变转速控制模式对系统血液动力学参数的影响；研究转速变化方式对血流搏动性、左心室卸载的影响规律，总结出该类转速控制系统的设计方法；研究抽吸、反流机理，确定指示参数，实现对其检测和控制；搭建实验平台，进行控制系统综合性能的分析和评估；构建动物心衰模型，开展急性动物实验，探索控制系统的可行性。提炼基础科学问题，探寻生理控制和抽吸、反流检测一体化设计的耦合途径，揭示多目标转速控制设计的一般性规律，为其在人工心脏驱动领域的应用奠定理论与实验基础。

旋转式心脏泵结构紧凑、运动部件少、可靠性高，成为终末期心衰患者的治疗方法和移植手术的过渡。克服现有定转速控制方式在长期辅助中的并发症问题，提高心脏泵的耐久性和患者的生活质量，提出一种高可靠性多目标变转速控制系统。引入生理参考模型调节转速，提高血流搏动性等生理性能；对左心室抽吸、心脏泵反流进行机理研究，通过血液动力学参数分析实现抽吸和反流的检测和控制，提高了系统可靠性；应用模拟自然心脏泵血规律的Starling-Like机制，提出了无创生理控制系统NAC-FSL以适应心衰患者生理状态（静息、睡眠和运动）变化的血流灌注要求。提出基于水力特性的旋转式心脏泵新模型，建立优化的心血管系统和心脏泵耦合模型，并通过模型校核和基于水力实验的模型参数修正；应用耦合模型，研究变转速控制模式对系统血液动力学参数的影响；研究不同转速控制方式对动脉血流搏动性、左心室卸载以及双心室同步性的影响规律，总结出变转速控制系统的设计方法；针对不同心衰程度和左心辅助装置类型，研究预负荷变化时的泵转速反应灵敏度（K）对NAC-FSL生理控制系统鲁棒性的影响，确定了维持系统鲁棒性的灵敏度范围；研究了抽吸、反流机理，确定指示参数，实现了抽吸和反流的检测和控制；搭建血液循环系统离体实验模拟平台，对控制系统在提高血流搏动性、抑制抽吸和反流、鲁棒性等综合性能进来分析和评估；构建动物心衰模型，开展急性动物实验，验证了变控制系统在临床应用中的可行性。提炼基础科学问题，探寻生理控制和抽吸、反流检测一体化设计的耦合途径，揭示多目标转速控制设计的一般性规律，为其在人工心脏驱动领域的应用奠定理论与实验基础。