自由基底的低表面能聚合物平整涂层的构筑及其双重自洁防油性能

Due to their high performance resistance to oil pollution, self-cleaning oil-repellent coatings are widely used in oil exploitation and transportation, public health, industrial production and so on. However, for conventional superoleophobic coatings, firstly, they can hardly withstand contamination by vapor oil arising from their nano/micro structures, secondly, their constructions are often limited by the substrate material. To solve these two challenges, this project focuses on constructing of smooth polymer coatings with low surface energy for dual self-cleaning of both liquid and vapor oils. Polydopamine and poly-L-dopa coatings will be constructed on substrates in situ by self-polymerization and layer-by-layer assembly approach, respectively, followed by grafting of perfluoroamine or perfluoro-1-decanethiol through Michael addition or Schiff base reaction to obtain smooth coatings with fascinating dual self-cleaning performances towards liquid and vapor oils. The effects of the coating’s type, structure, surface morphology and surface content of fluorine on the oil contact angles and sliding angles will be investigated. The interaction behavior between oil molecules and coatings will be explored to further demonstrate the enrichment mechanism of gaseous oil on the coating surface. Establish the numerical models between sliding angles and oil surface tension, viscosity, sizes of enriched oils and interaction forces to clarify the mechanism of dual self-cleaning oil-repellency of smooth coatings. The implementation of this project can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for large-scale preparation of dual self-cleaning oil-repellent coatings.

自清洁防油涂层因对油污的高效抵御能力，在石油开发与运输、卫生健康、工业生产等领域有广泛应用。为解决常规超疏油涂层中微纳结构难以抵御气态油分子浸润、构筑方法受基底材质限制等问题，本项目提出构筑低表面能平整高分子涂层，将其用于液态及气态油的双重自洁，拟采用氧化自聚合及层层组装法分别在基底表面原位构筑聚多巴胺、聚左旋多巴平整涂层，利用迈克尔加成或席夫碱反应在其链段接枝全氟胺类或全氟硫醇分子，获得具有优良双重自洁能力的平整涂层。考察涂层种类、结构、表面形貌、表面氟含量对油接触角及滑动角的影响规律；探索油分子与涂层之间相互作用机理，揭示油分子在涂层表面的富集机制；构建油表面张力、粘度、油分子富集尺寸及油分子与涂层作用力大小对滑动角影响的数值模型，阐明平整涂层双重防油的浸润机制。通过项目实施，为高性能双重防油涂层的规模化制备提供理论指导和技术支持。

自清洁防油涂层因对油污的高效抵御能力，在国民经济的各个领域如公共卫生健康、航空、电力、石油开发与运输等方面扮演着极其重要的角色。它们可以抵御食用油对衣物、烹饪器具表面的粘附、污染；防止石油对管道内壁的粘附与阻塞；抵制石油泄露对海洋工作设备的污染等等。.（1）本项目中为解决常规超疏油涂层中微纳结构难以抵御气态油分子浸润、构筑方法受基底材质限制等问题，利用层层组装法构筑了由带正电的PDDA和带负电的PSS以及全氟阴离子表面活性剂PFO组成的PFO-(PDDA/PSS)低表面能平整高分子复合涂层。此涂层无微纳米孔道结构，可在高温下富集气态油分子，油分子会在其表面富集并形成小液滴，随着富集时间的延长，富集长大的油滴会在表面持续滑落。此外，该防油涂层在工业蒸馏过程出也表现出独有的优势，可以让富集的气态油迅速冷凝滑落，及时腾出空间便于后续气态油的富集冷凝滑落，极大幅度降低了能源消耗。.（2）本项目实现了涂层浸润性的快速切换。研究发现，PDDA/PSS涂层浸泡于PFO溶液2秒，可获得双疏PFO-PDDA/PSS涂层，将PFO-PDDA/PSS涂层浸泡于含盐的PSS溶液中，PFO又被PSS反向取代，获得了双亲的PDDA/PSS涂层。实验发现，经至少30次循环取代，涂层表面形貌及厚度均无明显变化，接触角度也可以轻易的在双疏及双亲之间快速切换。.（3）上述涂层展现了在空气和水相均具有超疏油的能力，这也首次给人们带来了对浸润性领域的一个新认识。将涂层制备到粗糙表面如实验服的纤维布上，它具有很好的空气中超双疏、水中超疏油的性能。由于PFO分子贯穿于整个涂层中，使得涂层的特殊浸润性具有自修复性能，且涂层具有很好的耐盐性质。.（4）研发了能够抗原油粘附的PDDA/PDopa涂层。本项目研究发现，此涂层具有极好的水中防油特性，将涂层置于水相中，各类油滴均不能粘附在其表面。将涂层制备到不同孔径的不锈钢网表面，可用于高效高通量油水分离和破乳。更为重要的是，此涂层对油田的原油/水的混合物具有很好的自清洁效果，能够用于原油/水的分离。