临近空间高超声速飞行器表面磁流体能量提取机理研究

In recent years, with the development of high speed, long endurance and repeated use of near space hypersonic vehicle, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power extraction technology has shown promising potential in breaking the power supply constraint due to its advantages of high power, high conversion efficiency, in-situ resource utilization and everfount power generation as long as during the flight. Its application will bring a revolutionary improvement for hypersonic vehicle performance. The existed research is mainly based on the plasma flow simulation of reentry vehicle, which is insufficient for supporting the current near space hypersonic plasma energy extraction technology. This project, proposed especially for the near space hypersonic vehicle, is carried out on the study of MHD extraction mechanism. A 3D MHD model with multicomponent, complex shaped and non-equilibrium plasma is established and numerical solved first. Then, we set up a systematic framework about the inward mechanism of output power conversion to evaluate the extracted power as well as the function of effect factors. At last, considering the integrated design concept the energy storage and charging topology is explored and studied to optimize the overall structure. This project will not only provide a theoretical basis for the scheme design of the further development of MHD power extraction technology, but also promote its engineering application on near space hypersonic vehicle.

磁流体能量提取技术具有大功率、高转换效率、就地取材、且可在飞行过程中源源不断提供能量的优点，可满足临近空间飞行器长航时电力供应的需求，其工程应用将给高超声速飞行器性能带来一次革命性的提高。.现有研究主要以再入飞行器流场数据为基础，对于当前亟待开展的临近空间高超声速等离子体能量提取技术的支持能力不足。本项目以临近空间高超声速飞行器为应用背景，开展表面磁流体能量提取技术机理研究。通过建立复杂外形、多组分、非平衡等离子体的三维MHD模型并数值求解，系统研究其功能转化机理和电功率影响因素的作用效果。此外，为进行整体结构优化，开展储能与充电电路的一体化的研究和设计。本项目不仅为进一步开展磁流体能量提取方案和工程设计提供理论基础，还有利于推进磁流体能量提取技术在高超声速飞行器上的工程应用。

磁流体能量提取技术具有大功率、高转换效率、就地取材、且可在飞行过程中源源不断提供能量的优点，可满足临近空间飞行器长航时电力供应的需求，其工程应用将给高速飞行器性能带来一次革命性的提高。现有研究主要以再入飞行器流场数据为基础，对于当前亟待开展的临近空间等离子体能量提取技术的支持能力不足。本项目以临近空间高速飞行器为应用背景，开展表面磁流体能量提取技术机理研究。通过建立复杂外形、多组分、非平衡等离子体的三维MHD模型并数值求解，系统研究其功能转化机理和电功率影响因素的作用效果。.本项目建立了适用于弱电离等离子体绕流的低磁雷诺数磁流体力学模型，并进行了数值求解；建立了适于进行参数研究的表面磁流体发电装置原理模型，基于此原理模型所进行的数值模拟参数研究系统地给出了发电装置电功率提取随其主要设计参数的变化规律；提出了飞行器表面磁流体发电装置的概念设计方案，并对其进行了流动与电磁场耦合的数值模拟研究；分析了典型飞行状态下，临近空间高超声速飞行器表面磁流体能量提取效率，获得了可提取的有效电能密度不低于300kW/m2的结果，验证了工程应用的可行性。