多功能复合涂层在典型环境中老化失效行为与规律研究

Multifunctional composite coatings have become more and more widely used in aerospace vehicles and other military equipment. However, the aging of the material caused by a variety of external factors (including mechanical damage or the environment) has gradually become apparent. Therefore, studying the aging failure behavior and rules of such materials under various typical environments is of great practical significance for guiding the design of multi-functional composite coatings and life prediction. The project takes the multi-functional composite coating as the research object, which is made of carbonyl iron, FeSiAl alloy powder with excellent electromagnetic properties as absorbent, organic coloring pigment, metallic silver and aluminum powder. The composition, structure and properties of the multifunctional composite coating under the conditions of salt fog, damp heat, chemical medium, UV and pre-stress accelerated aging are studying systematically. By the analysis of the microstructure of the composite coating, the aging cause and degradation process of the composite coatings are studied to reveal its aging failure mechanism in a typical environment and to predict the aging failure and long-term service life of the multi-functional composite coating by artificial accelerated aging test.

多功能复合涂层在航空飞行器及其它军事装备上已得到越来越广泛的应用。然而，由于各种外界因素（包括机械损伤或使用环境）所引起的材料在使用过程中的老化行为也逐渐突显出来。因此，研究这类材料在各种典型环境下的老化失效行为和规律，对于指导多功能复合涂层设计及寿命预测具有重要的实际意义。本项目以具有优异电磁性能的羰基铁、FeSiAl合金粉末为吸收剂，有机着色颜料、金属银和铝粉为颜填料以及环氧树脂作为基体制备的多功能复合涂层为研究对象，系统研究在盐雾、湿热、化学介质、紫外及预应力等人工加速老化环境下，多功能复合涂层的组成、结构和性能变化规律。通过对复合涂层微观结构分析，研究其老化起因和降解过程，从而揭示其在典型环境下的老化失效机理，实现通过人工加速老化试验预测多功能复合涂层的老化失效和长期使用寿命。

由于飞行器等装备服役地理广泛、服役环境严酷且复杂多变，多功能复合涂层不可避免会出现开裂、脱落以及变质等老化失效行为，且日益严重。作为一种基本防护材料，多功能复合涂层的老化失效行为和使用寿命直接影响了飞行器的使用性能。同时，也会给维修保养增加难度和成本。因此，本项目以飞行器功能涂层在模拟不同环境中的老化失效行为为研究对象，系统研究了热老化、中性盐雾、湿热、紫外以及氙灯等环境对涂层性能的影响规律。通过对涂层中高分子树脂和功能填料的微观结构分析，揭示其老化失效机理。同时，结合电化学阻抗谱，分析了该涂层的电化学腐蚀机制。最后，基于灰色理论，建立了一种适用于中性盐雾、湿热以及紫外环境下功能涂层的寿命预测模型，实现飞行器功能涂层使用寿命预测准确性达到80%以上。