时空洛伦兹对称性破坏的唯像学研究

The symmetry of spacetime is one of the most important symmetries in the fundamental physics, and plays an important role in the construbtion of basic physical theories. As an experimental subject, physical researches should test such a fundamental ingredient as much as possible. Very recently, a lot phenomenological researches on the topic of quantum gravity point to the possibility of tiny Lorentz symmetry violation in the high energy regime. Quite some experimental proposals to test such a scenerio appear along subsequently. Here our proposal is intended to focus on the fontier researches of Lorentz symmetry violation in terms of theories and experiments, especially along the line of available phenomenological tests. We will do theoretical analysis on some quantum graivty proposals, identify the possibiblity of Lorentz symmetry violation and its realizations in various theoretical models. Accordingly, we will figure out possible terrestial experiments and astrophysical observations to test the scenerios of Lorentz symmetry breaking with high energy particles. Potential signatures of Lorentz violation will be used to test theories, or constrain the significance of the Lorentz breaking. Our research objects include photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays, and other particle species. With new upcoming instruments and improvements in the experimental techniques, new results on Lorentz violation are very likely to come soon. The research will have significant effects on our understanding of many fundamental topics, such as the symmetry of spacetime at Planck length scale, and the validity of quantum gravity theories. It will also provide new aspects into the fundamental processes of some astrophysical processes, and our foundation of the standard model.

时空对称性是基础理论物理学中的最基本的对称性之一，是基础物理理论的根本组成部分。物理学作为一门实验科学，对时空对称性的精确实验检验是必不可少的。近年来，很多量子引力理论的唯像学研究都指向了洛伦兹对称性存在破坏的可能性，并提出了一系列实验手段来进行检验。本项目将致力研究可能导致洛伦兹对称性破坏的理论机制以及相应的唯象学分析，特别是研究由此带来的实验可观测效应。研究内容包括对各种理论的深入分析，对地面实验、天文观测中洛伦兹对称性破坏的潜在信号的研究，从而实现检验与约束洛伦兹破坏效应的大小。具体研究的对象包括光子、中微子、宇宙射线等。该研究对人类进一步认识时空对称性、量子引力等基础理论课题有着深刻的影响，对于理解自然界的时空对称性、量子引力理论和粒子天体物理中的若干重要过程提供全新的视角，对深入理解自然界的时空基本属性与四种基本作用有着重要的促进作用。

通过宇宙线中高能光子和中微子研究洛伦兹对称性破缺，在光子的光速改变和中微子的洛伦兹对称性破缺方向都开展了深入研究，得到的结果给出支持光速改变和中微子的洛伦兹对称性破缺的证据。关于光速改变和中微子洛伦兹对称性破缺的研究，对人类认识基本物质结构和基本规律有可能是突破性的贡献，中微子CPT对称性的破缺也可能意味着人类首次发现物质和反物质对称性破缺。对人类深入探索物质世界的基本结构和规律有着重大的科学意义。