Arsenic is identified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The recognition of arsenic as a carcinogen first came from the skin cancer, however, the mechanism underling it remains elusive. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which probably originate from normal stem cells (NSCs), are considered to be the driving force of cancer initiation and progression. There are few studies showing if inorganic arsenic has the capacity to transform epidermal NSCs into CSCs, no mention of the related mechanism, due to the lately developed stem cell (SC)-isolating techniques and knowledge of SC characteristics. Thus, in the present study, we plan to isolate epidermal NSCs from human keratinocytes.Then we will apply inorganic arsenic treatment, mimicking chronic arsenic exposure in endemic areas, to these NSCs to analyze arsenic capacity of directly transforming epidermal NSCs into CSCs. Meanwhile, we will co-culture arsenic-transformed malignant keratinocytes with epidermal NSCs to analyze arsenic capacity of indirectly transforming epidermal NSCs into CSCs. This study will help explain the mechanism of inorganic arsenic-induced skin cancers with SCs. In addition, we will use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) array and shRAN gene-silencing methods to investigate the role of inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-6, in arsenic-induced malignant transformation of epidermal NSCs. This will probably shed new light on prevention and treatment of arsenic-induced skin cancer.
砷是国际癌症研究机构确定的人类致癌物。在砷所致的各器官癌症中,皮肤癌与砷暴露的关系最早被证实,但发病机制尚不清楚。癌症干细胞是癌症发生、发展的"源动力",其最可能的起源是正常干细胞。由于干细胞的分离纯化技术及生物学特性在近年才得以提高和明确,关于无机砷是否能够使正常表皮干细胞转化为癌症干细胞的研究尚未开展,其机制研究更是空白。因此,本研究拟从人类皮肤角质形成细胞中分离正常表皮干细胞,通过模拟砷中毒病区的长期砷暴露,分析砷将正常表皮干细胞直接转化成癌症干细胞的能力;通过将砷恶性转化的皮肤角质形成细胞与正常表皮干细胞共培养,分析砷将正常表皮干细胞间接恶性转化为癌症干细胞的能力,以期从干细胞角度在无机砷致皮肤癌的机制上取得突破。在此基础上,本研究还拟通过ELISA array和shRNA基因沉默的方法,探讨白介素-6等炎性因子在砷恶性转化表皮干细胞过程中的作用,为砷致皮肤癌的防治提供新思路。
砷是国际癌症研究机构确定的人类致癌物。在砷所致的各器官癌症中,皮肤癌与砷暴露的关系最早被证实,但发病机制尚不清楚。癌症干细胞是癌症发生、发展的"源动力",其最可能的起源是正常干细胞。由于干细胞的分离纯化技术及生物学特性在近年才得以提高和明确,关于无机砷是否能够使正常表皮干细胞转化为癌症干细胞的研究尚未开展,其机制研究更是空白。本研究采用免疫磁珠法从HaCaT人皮肤角质形成细胞中分离CD34高表达细胞,证实其类干细胞特性后作为表皮干细胞研究对象。结果表明,与成熟细胞相比,CD34高表达的表皮干细胞对无机砷暴露诱导的恶性转化作用更为敏感,且对无机砷所致细胞毒性耐受力较高。无机砷恶性转化的皮肤角质形成细胞与CD34高表达细胞共培养后,未发现砷对正常表皮干细胞的间接恶性转化作用。尽管被无机砷恶性转化的CD34高表达细胞具有白介素6(IL6)高表达和高分泌的特点,但沉默IL6并不影响砷对CD34高表达细胞的恶性转化作用。CD34高表达细胞具有NRF2高表达与高活性的特点,慢病毒稳转沉默NRF2能够显著降低CD34高表达细胞对砷恶性转化效应的敏感性和对砷所致细胞毒性的耐受力。因此NRF2可能是参与无机砷恶性转化表皮干细胞的关键分子。此外,无机砷通过抑制溶酶体膜蛋白(LAMP1、LAMP2)表达干扰溶酶体与自噬小体的融合,抑制自噬流,导致自噬特异底物蛋白p62蓄积,对表皮细胞恶性转化发挥重要作用,慢病毒稳转沉默p62可显著抑制砷恶性转化表皮细胞的侵袭力。本研究结果为砷对表皮干细胞的作用提供了直接证据,从新的角度解析了砷致皮肤癌的机制,并为砷中毒的防治提供理论基础和新思路。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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