实现多飞行器协同攻击的四维再入制导方法研究

Hypersonic gliding vehicles have the capability of global strike. An effective approach to improve the penetration probability is coordinate attack of multiple hypersonic gliding vehicles. The coordinate attack requires that all the vehicles are delivered to the desired location at desired time. Thus, a four-dimensional entry guidance method is required by each vehicle. In this project, the terminal time constraint is considered in the three-dimensional guidance law to develop a four-dimensional entry guidance method. First, to obtain a feasible attack time for all the vehicles, the feasible region of the entry terminal time is investigated, and the optimal time is calculated under multiple constraints and dispersions. To satisfy the terminal time constraint, a lateral guidance method, which works under a longitudinal trajectory tracking law, is investigated. The lateral guidance method can meet the terminal time constraint of the four-dimensional entry guidance. Then, to improve the control capability of terminal time, a guidance method based on onboard re-planning of the four-dimensional trajectory is developed. The re-planning algorithm is able to deal with the coupling problem caused by the terminal time constraint. Finally, the proposed four-dimensional entry guidance method is verified in coordinate attack missions. This project provides a theoretical foundation to the coordinate attack of hypersonic gliding vehicles, and an approach to solve the terminal time control problem of other entry vehicles.

高超声速滑翔飞行器可以用于远程快速打击，而协同攻击可以有效提升高超声速滑翔飞行器的突防能力。协同攻击任务需要多个高超声速滑翔飞行器在指定时间到达三维再入终端点，要求单个飞行器具备四维再入制导能力。本项目在传统三维再入制导问题的基础上考虑终端时间约束，对四维再入制导方法开展研究。首先，为给协同攻击设定合理可行的终端时间，研究再入终端时间的可行域以及多约束多扰动下的最优终端时间求解问题；之后，针对终端时间约束，在纵向弹道固定的情况下，研究终端时间可控的侧向机动制导方法，利用侧向机动满足四维再入制导的时间约束；接着，为了提升终端时间控制能力，研究四维再入弹道在线重构制导方法，重点解决时间约束引发的纵向与侧向弹道耦合问题；最后，结合协同攻击任务，验证和评估所提出的四维再入制导方法。通过本项目的研究，为高超声速滑翔飞行器的协同攻击提供理论支撑，也为其他再入飞行器的飞行时间控制问题提供解决途径。

协同攻击是提升高超声速滑翔飞行器突防能力的重要手段。本项目面向多飞行器协同攻击任务，围绕四维再入制导问题，对再入约束下协同攻击时间优化、终端时间可控的侧向机动再入制导、终端角度可控的侧向机动再入制导、在线弹道重构的四维再入制导等内容开展了研究，并对制导方法进行了仿真分析与任务适用性评估。针对协同攻击的终端时间设定问题，引入扰动适应指数的概念，提出了多约束多扰动下的最优终端时间确定方法；针对终端时间约束下的再入制导问题，设计了基于双边界走廊的侧向机动制导方法，在限制方向角偏差的同时，通过合理调节侧向机动实现了四维再入制导中的终端时间控制；针对时间约束下的再入轨迹重构制导问题，提出了满足航程和时间约束的阻力加速度剖面快速生成方法，并通过引入机动系数降低了横纵向轨迹耦合影响，实现了四维弹道快速重构；针对终端进入约束下的四维制导问题，提出了基于瞄准点动态切换的侧向机动再入制导方法，能够实现多飞行器以不同角度进入终端区域。本项目的研究成果为高超声速滑翔飞行器的协同制导提供了理论支撑，也为多飞行器协同攻击任务的设计提供了技术参考。