应用纳米粒子浮选回收微细粒铜矿物的基础研究

Flotation recovery efficiency of fine grain minerals is the major scientific problem in modern mineral processing fields. Wtih its rapid development, nanotechnology has provided the technical support and new ideas to utilize high-efficiently such difficult recoverying resources.This project will focus on such fine grain difficult recovering copper minerals and examine their surface properties and flotability.This project will design and develop new hydrophobic nanoparticles which can recognize and selectively capture difficult recovering micro-particle copper minerals, explore the interface interactions and microscopic mechanisms between nanoparticles and fine grain copper minerals in such complicated interface and solution conditions, and identify the underlying mechanisms on the selective capture of hydrophobic nanoparticles on the targeted micro-particle copper minerals,study on the interaction mechanisms between nanoparticles loaded with fine grain copper minerals and dispersion bubbles in the pulp, strengthen flotation of the fine grain mineral particle, and develop new technology of nanoparticle-assisted flotation for highly efficient recovery of fine grain minerals. This research not only provides significant theoretical guidelines and strategies for recovering resources that are difficult to be recovered by conventional methods, but also successfully combines the advanced nanotechnology with heavy industries and traditional industries, which will bring innovative opportunities for the traditional industries.

微细粒有用矿物的浮选回收效率是现代矿物加工领域面临的重大科学问题，纳米技术的迅速发展，为此类难选资源的高效利用提供了技术支持和新思路。本项目以微细粒难选铜矿物为研究对象，对微细粒矿物颗粒表面性质与可浮性开展研究；针对矿浆中微细粒难选铜矿物，构造具有识别和选择性捕获难选铜矿物的新型疏水性纳米粒子，探索在复杂界面和溶液条件下纳米粒子与微细粒矿物表界面相互作用及微观机理，揭示疏水性纳米粒子对目标铜矿物选择性捕获的规律性；研究负载微细粒铜矿物的纳米粒子与矿浆中弥散气泡的相互作用机制，强化微细粒矿物颗粒的浮选，形成纳米粒子浮选微细粒难选矿物新技术，实现微细粒矿物的高效回收。本研究成果不仅将对这部分采用常规方法难以回收资源的回收利用产生深远的理论指导意义，而且能真正地、成功地实际结合纳米尖端技术对重工业以及传统工业进行重新构造, 会给传统产业带来全新的机遇。

纳米技术为难选微细粒矿物的浮选回收提供了技术支持和新思路。主要研究内容如下：.1、黄铜矿粒度越细，表面腐蚀越严重，表面离子越易溶解，导致浮选效果越差。运用量子化学优化黄铜矿晶格模型，计算能带结构、态密度、Mulliken布居、差分电荷密度及前线轨道。.2、设计以苯乙烯St作主体、2-巯基苯并噻唑MBT或N-乙烯基咪唑VI为功能单体乳液聚合成纳米捕收剂。研究不同乳化剂、功能单体、引发剂、搅拌速度、温度对纳米捕收剂合成的影响，获最佳合成条件。合成6种阴、阳及非离子型疏水性纳米捕收剂。测试分析纳米捕收剂表面形貌、粒度大小、成分、表面电性、疏水性及分子量大小、分子结构等。.3、采用MS构建20种分子结构并优化，建立黄铜矿{001}面与药剂分子的吸附构型。运用分子模拟计算黄铜矿表面6种纳米捕收剂的吸附能，发现纳米药剂优于普通药剂，且不同功能单体合成的捕收剂性能有差异，非离子型纳米粒子的作用效果较差。pH值影响阴、阳离子纳米捕收剂的捕收性能，中性时最好，但pH值对非离子型纳米捕收剂影响小，测试分析了纳米捕收剂与矿物间作用机理。.4、界面热力学研究表明：黄铜矿及纳米捕收剂表面均为低能表面，黄铜矿属极性表面、路易斯碱特征强；而纳米捕收剂属半极性表面。计算黄铜矿-水、纳米捕收剂-水、水相中黄铜矿-气泡、纳米捕收剂-气泡及黄铜矿-纳米捕收剂间作用自由能，黄铜矿及纳米捕收剂与水分子间均存在范德华和疏水引力，引力大小决定捕收剂疏水性强弱。界面总自由能小于零时，捕收剂在黄铜矿表面吸附并产生新界面，导致界面自由能变化。EDLVO理论也诠释了药剂与矿物间相互作用自由能随距离变化关系，各界面间极性自由能比范德华能、静电能大1-2个数量级，起主导作用，较好解释了颗粒间凝聚与分散行为。.5、研究活性炭负载纳米零价铁对废水中铜及铬离子的吸附性能、反应条件和机理。.发表论文7篇，其中收录论文2篇；申请发明专利1项；已培养研究生5人。