电子废料顶吹熔炼过程化学演变规律及污染防控机制研究

The economic value and environmental benefits of electronic waste recycling have become increasingly prominent. In recent years, a lot of technologies have emerged, but the advanced technology and equipment are monopolized by foreign countries. Nerin Recycling Technology (NRT) , one China independent intellectual property right, is expected to break the blockade of foreign technology. However, how to improve the direct yield rate of precious metals and reduce the emission of toxic and harmful gases is a common technical problem for the intensified top-blown smelting process of electronic waste. For this research, the non-equilibrium multiphase reaction system of top-blown smelting process for electronic waste will be researched. Firstly, a component transforming mathematical model will be proposed based on the assumption of local equilibrium by establishing the relationship between system Gibbs free energy and the valence state, phase and composition of all elements in smelting materials. Then, the model will be validated and optimized by NRT industrial production data collected on site. Finally, based on the model, the principle of the component migration and chemical evolution of the electronic waste elements (copper, gold, silver, etc.) and organic components will be investigated under the integrated action of these technology parameters, such as materiel composition, smelting temperature, and reaction atmosphere. After analyzing the relationship between technology parameters and efficiency parameters (direct yield rate of precious metals, smoke toxic equivalent), the reaction control link and the migration and degradation characteristics of dioxins will be explored, and then the reaction strengthening measures and pollution prevention mechanisms of electronic waste in top-blown smelting process will be established. Research results will provide theoretical support for the transformation and upgrading of industrial technology of electronic waste recycling in china.

电子废料循环利用的经济价值和环境效益日渐凸显，但先进技术装备被国外垄断，具有我国自主知识产权的NRT(Nerin Recycling Technology)技术期望打破国外封锁。然而，如何提高有价金属直收率的同时，减少有毒有害气体排放，是电子废料顶吹强化熔炼的共性技术难题。拟以电子废料顶吹熔炼非平衡多相反应体系为对象，通过引入局域平衡假设，研究物料各元素价态、物相、组成与体系吉布斯自由能关系，建立电子废料成分迁移转化数学模型，试验检测获取NRT工业数据进行数模调整优化；进而重点研究物料组成、熔炼温度、反应气氛等参数耦合作用下，铜、金、银等元素及有机组分的迁移转化和化学演变规律；考察工艺参数变化与有价金属直收率、烟气毒性当量等效能指标的关联，剖析反应控制性环节和二噁英迁移降解特征，建立冶炼强化方法和污染防控机制。研究成果将为我国电子废料绿色高效循环利用产业技术的转型升级提供理论支持。

电子废料循环利用的经济价值和环境效益日渐凸显，但先进技术装备被国外垄断，具有我国自主知识产权的NRT(Nerin Recycling Technology)技术期望打破国外封锁。然而，如何提高有价金属直收率的同时，减少有毒有害气体排放，是电子废料顶吹强化熔炼的共性技术难题。为此，项目以电子废料顶吹熔炼非平衡多相反应体系为对象，通过引入非平衡系统的局域平衡假设，将电子废料顶吹熔炼过程视为物料与反应气体不断达到局域平衡的多相反应体系，研究构建了电子废料成分迁移转化数学模型及仿真系统，试验检测获取NRT工业数据进行数模调整优化，并开展了多因素耦合仿真试验研究，揭示了顶吹熔炼过程电子废料的物相转化、成分迁移和化学演变规律；进而研究了熔炼工艺参数变化与有价金属直收率、烟气毒性当量等效能指标的关联，剖析了熔炼反应控制性环节，研究了熔炼过程二噁英的迁移和降解特征，初步建立电子废料高效能的冶炼强化方法和污染防控机制。研究成果为我国电子废料的高效绿色循环利用提供理论支持，该成果推广应用到铜阳极泥含铜废料的伴生稀贵金属协同绿色提取，获2019年度江西省科学进步一等奖；研究所采用的非平衡体系局域平衡建模方法和思路，已推广应用于闪速炼铁这一国际前沿新技术的研发。在项目支持下，在国内外期刊上发表学术论文15篇，其中SCI、EI收录9篇；申请发明专利4项、授权3项；培养了硕士研究生5名、毕业4名；组建的“闪速绿色开发与循环利用”创新团队引进了博士教师2名，获批江西省重点实验室。