我国典型生物质能源化利用方式的资源环境影响研究

Biomass energy has been considered as one of the important strategic choices to alleviate the pressure of energy security and carbon emission reduction in china. However, biomass energy is characterized with disperse distribution and low quality. To explore and utilize biomass, lots of energy, water and land resources must be inputted and simultaneously large amounts of greenhouse gas and other air pollutants will emit. At present, there is still no scientific and effective method to accurately calculate the resource costs and environmental benefits of varies kinds of biomass conversion technologies in China. Therefore, with respect to the life cycle and systematic viewpoint, this project aims to build a hybrid life cycle model, i.e. combining process-based LCA (PLCA) and input-output LCA (IO-LCA). After quantitatively analyzing its uncertainties, the hybrid model will be used to make a reliable and systematic accounting of resource and emission costs for different biomass energy technologies. Four kinds of biomass energy conversion and utilization systems in China are chosen as the cases to deeply analyze the migration and transformation mechanism of multidimensional resource costs in categories and supply-chain industries and to their clarify the environmental benefits by comparison with reference fossil energy systems, i.e. biomass pelleting, fuel ethanol, woody biogas gasification biogas and biomass-fired power generation. This project would provide sound base for national biomass energy development strategy under current resource and environmental restricts.

生物质能被认为是缓解我国能源安全和碳减排压力的重要战略选择。然而，作为一种分散的低品质能源，生物质能的开发利用过程必须投入大量的能源、水和土地等资源，同时排放大量的温室气体和污染物。目前尚缺乏科学有效的方法体系，用于准确考量我国生物质能利用过程的资源环境影响。为此，本研究将基于系统思维，构建IO-LCA与PLCA相耦合的混合生命周期分析模型，在定量分析模型不确定性的基础上，开展我国生物质固化成型、燃料乙醇、生物天然气和直燃发电等典型生物质能源化利用过程资源消耗和环境排放的系统核算，深入解析生物质能利用过程多维资源环境成本迁移转换机理，揭示系统环境影响的产业链传动/转移机制，从而明确我国各类生物质能源化利用技术的直接和间接环境影响及减排效益，为我国当前资源和环境约束下的生物质能发展战略制定提供定量化依据。

生物质能源的品质提升过程需要付出一定的资源和环境代价。为合理开发和利用生物质能源，需要系统评估生物质固体燃料、液体燃料、生物质天然气以及生物质发电等现代生物质能源生产过程的资源和环境成本，并通过与化石能源比较评估其资源环境效益。为此，本项目构建了用于评价生物质能资源环境影响的混合生命周期评价模型，并定量分析了其不确定性。采用该模型，核算了典型生物质能源转化过程的水资源消耗、耕地占用、能源消耗、温室气体及其他污染物排放，并评价了其资源环境效益。研究发现，随着生物质能源品质的提升，其系统可再生性或能量投入产出效率下降；生物质能源的资源和环境影响具有地区和行业溢出效应；与化石能源相较，生物质能源直接经济效益差，但环境效益好。本项目执行期间，申请人以第一作者在Energy、Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews和Journal of Environmental Management等期刊发表论文5篇，相关成果获得第五届能源资源系统工程国际学术年会青年学者优秀论文大赛二等奖。本项目的研究成果可为全国和地方生物质能源产业发展规划的制定提供一定支撑，同时也可以为其他可再生能源环境影响评价提供支持。