超疏水性煤基碳纤维的制备及性能调控研究

The project is focusing on the theme of the urgent needs of clean, efficient and high value-added utilization of Xinjiang carbon resources. By using the abundant reserved Xinjiang bituminous coal as raw materials, the spinning solution which meet the requirement of electrospinning is prepared after oxidation pretreatment of raw coal to improve the solution solubility in organic solvent and aqueous. The effects of the oxidation pretreatment methods, the spinning conditions, the types of forming polymers, and the carbonization condition on the structure and morphology of carbon fibers will be studied in detail. The formation mechanism of carbon fibers will be revealed, and help to solve the key scientific problems for carbon fiber film preparation from coal. According to the requirement of the surface structure and composition of carbon fiber for the oil-water separation, the super hydrophobic carbon fibers will be achieved by introducing low surface energy materials and constructing micro-nanometer rough structures. The structure-activity relationships will be explored between hydrophobic properties of carbon fibers and their composition, structure, morphology, and the surface functional groups, and an universal method to prepare super hydrophobic coal based carbon fibers is to be established. Through the implementation of this project, the advantage of coal resources in Xinjiang will be fully played, which lays a technical foundation to transform the rich reservation of coal resources into functional carbon materials, and has very important significance to promoting strategic escalation of Xinjiang coal chemical industry to a modern and fine coal chemical industry.

本项目围绕新疆煤炭资源清洁、高效和高附加值利用的迫切需要，以新疆储量丰富的烟煤为原料，通过对原煤的氧化预处理提高其在有机溶剂、水性溶液中的溶解度，配制出满足静电纺丝要求的纺丝溶液，进而利用静电纺丝法制备出碳纤维前驱体，前驱体经炭化后得到煤基碳纤维，研究原煤氧化预处理方式、纺丝条件、成型聚合物类型、炭化条件对所得碳纤维结构和形貌的影响，揭示碳纤维的形成机制，解决以煤为原料制备碳纤维的关键科学问题；针对油水分离对碳纤维表面结构和组成的要求，通过在碳纤维表面引入低表面能物质以及构筑微纳米的粗糙结构得到超疏水性碳纤维，研究碳纤维的组成、结构、形貌、表面官能团与其疏水性能之间的构效关系，建立一种制备超疏水性煤基碳纤维的普适方法。通过本项目的实施，将充分发挥新疆煤炭资源优势，为储量丰富的煤炭资源转化为功能碳材料奠定理论基础，对促进新疆煤化工向现代煤化工、精细煤化工的战略升级具有重要意义。

本项目围绕新疆煤炭资源清洁、高效和高附加值利用的迫切需要，开展了超疏水煤基碳纤维的制备及性能调控研究。项目以新疆黑山的烟煤为原料，利用硫酸与硝酸的混合溶液对原煤进行液相氧化剪切，解决了原煤在溶剂中难以溶解的难题，配制出满足静电纺丝要求的纺丝溶液，进而利用静电纺丝法制备出碳纤维前驱体，研究了纺丝液浓度、炭化温度等参数对碳纤维表面形貌、内部结构、机械强度、表面润湿特性的影响，揭示了煤基碳纤维的形成机理。根据超疏水界面对材料表面形貌和组成的要求，利用化学气相沉积、混合纺丝、原位纺丝等方法构筑出核-壳结构、类荷叶结构等不同微纳粗糙结构的煤基碳纤维，在最佳制备条件下其水接触角可以超过150°。系统研究了重力驱动下所得碳纤维对不同油水混合物的分离效率，以及pH值、温度对碳纤维疏水性能的影响，揭示了碳纤维的组成、结构、形貌、表面官能团与其疏水性能之间的构效关系，建立了制备超疏性煤基碳纤维的普适方法及疏水性能的调控策略。通过本项目的实施，为新疆煤炭资源的高附加值利用奠定了理论和技术基础。