中国特有植物地涌金莲的保护遗传学研究

Musella lasiocarpa (Franch.) C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li represents the monotypic genus Musella (Franch.) C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li. endemic to China. This attractive plant have been comprehensively utilized as its unique ornamental, edible, medicinal, ecological as well as cultural value, and even as one of the Buddhist holy flowers. As controversy exists in its taxonomy and systematics all the time, and it is now difficult to find wild populations; therefore, there are few genetic differentiation studies on M. lasiocarpa up to now. As corollary to our continued fieldwork, attractive wild populations with various flower colour, leaf colour and plant type were found. .Considering its high utilization value and endemism of M. lasiocarpa, in this study, we will commit ourself to value its endangered status by investigating the diversity of wild populations further; to analysis population genetic differentiation type based on its genetic structure, genetic differentiation, haplotype distribution frequency as well as geographic data using high-throughout transcriptome sequencing technology; to perform SNP and EST-SSR-based population phylogeography; to determine the prior conservation population and formulate suitable protection strategy. The genetic differentiation mechanism of M. lasiocarpa will be revealed in this research, providing reference for effective conservation of germplasm resources as well as selecting good varieties in the future.

地涌金莲是中国特有单属种植物，为佛教圣花之一，具有独特的观赏、食用、药用和宗教文化价值。本项目拟在前期工作的基础上，进一步调查野生种群的分布格局、数量和动态，分析其形态变异式样。采用高通量转录组测序技术进行差异表达基因分析，用以此技术开发的SNP及EST-SSR引物对其遗传多样性、遗传结构及单倍型分布频率等进行研究，结合资源调查与形态变异分析结果，确定优先保护单元，制定物种的合理保护策略。项目实施有助于深入了解地涌金莲种群遗传多样性及遗传分化机制，为有效保护野生种质资源和选育优良品种提供理论依据。

地涌金莲是中国特有单属种植物，为佛教圣花之一，具有独特的观赏、食用、药用和宗教文化价值。在以往研究的基础上，进一步对野生地涌金莲可能存在的地点进行了全面调查。确定野生地涌金莲种群分布地共有9处。根据IUCN物种红色名录濒危等级和标准（3.1版，2001），野生地涌金莲已处于濒危（EN）等级（A2C1,2a（i））。以上述9个地涌金莲野生居群为研究对象，采用叶绿体DNA (cpDNA) 非编码区的3个特异片段psbA-trnH，trnL-F及rpl16扩增产物全序列测序的手段，通过对数据分析、绘制系统树的方法对这一古老物种在为求生存而选择的避难所地点、迁移路线、遗传结构以及造成现如今分布格局的原因进行探讨。保护遗传学的研究表明，9个野生地涌金莲种群共产生10个单倍体型，其中丽江永胜县居群两个相距不到10公里的亚种群也分属不同的单倍体型。所有居群均为特有单倍体型，结合各种群地涌金莲的丛数（最多也只有141丛），应将所有野生地涌金莲种群列入保护对象，尤其是楚雄元谋种群、丽江温泉种群和丽江永胜种群植株丛数不足100，而且更容易遭到认为破坏，是保护的重中之重。今后应加强宣传教育和科普的力度，提高当地居民的保护意识。此外，我们已经开展了迁地保护研究，在中国林科院资源昆虫研究所禄丰试验站引种了全部种群。目前，所有种群植株均能正常生长、开花和结实。红色系列苞片地涌金莲组织培养抗褐化研究突破了褐化这一技术瓶颈，为今后开展回归引种奠定了基础，尤其对红苞地涌金莲为主的攀枝花居群，具有重要的保护意义。同时，为今后红色系列苞片地涌金莲新品种培育和商业化开发提供了坚实的技术支持。