痕量重金属离子检测用水溶性聚合物磁性荧光化学传感器的可控制备及循环使用研究

Fluorescent chemosensors have been considered as preferable approaches for the detection of heavy metal ions in water. However, most of the fluorescent chemosensors cannot be dissolved in water well due to the poor water solubility of organic fluorescent probes, and sometimes organic cosolvents must be used, which may cause the second pollution to the environment. Furthermore, most of the fluorescent chemosensors cannot be recycled, leading to waste of resources. Herein, we provide a strategy for the preparation of fluorescent chemosensors containing magnetic core and water-soluble polymer corona, which can selectively detect trace heavy metal ions with a short response time in pure water, and can be recycled for the detection of heavy metal ions in a cost-effective manner. Firstly, rhodamine derivatives are selected as fluorophores, and a series of novel monomers containing rhodamine derivative group will be synthesized. Secondly, the reverse addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of the novel monomers with the water-soluble monomers are conducted on the surface of the silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles, forming the recyclable fluorescent chemosensors containing magnetic core and water-soluble polymer corona, which can be used for the rapid detection of trace heavy metal ions in water environment. The inner and outer influence factors for the detection and reuse property of the novel fluorescent chemosensors, such as the size of magnetic nanoparticles, the fluorophore structure, the ratio and species of the monomers, the grafting density, graft manner and length of the water-soluble polymer chains, magnetic intensity, pH value and temperature of the detection environment, will be systemic researched. The controlled preparation mechanism of the recyclable fluorescent chemosensors containing magnetic core and water-soluble polymer corona, will also be illuminated. The study will establish the theoretical and technological basis for the rapid detection of trace heavy metal ions using magnetic fluorescent chemosensors containing water-soluble polymers, and promote the blend of organic-inorganic hybrid material and environmental science discipline to some extent.

荧光化学传感器已成为水环境中痕量重金属离子的便捷检测技术，但多数荧光化学传感器在检测时存在使用有机共溶剂的弊端，易造成二次污染，而且多数荧光化学传感器不易回收循环使用，导致资源浪费。本项目拟合成一系列含罗丹明衍生物的不饱和单体，通过与水溶性单体在硅包覆磁性纳米粒子表面的可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)共聚，制备出可回收循环使用的水溶性聚合物磁性荧光化学传感器，满足水环境中痕量重金属离子的快速检测需要。本项目将系统研究磁性纳米粒子尺寸、荧光指示剂结构、单体的种类与配比、聚合物的接枝密度、接枝方式、链长等内部因素和pH值、温度、磁场强度等外部因素对新型荧光化学传感器的痕量重金属离子检测与循环使用性能的影响规律，探索其可控制备机理。本项目将为建立基于水溶性聚合物磁性荧光化学传感器进行重金属离子痕量、快速检测的方法奠定理论和技术基础，并在一定程度上促进有机/无机杂化材料与环境科学学科的交叉。

荧光化学传感器已成为水环境中痕量金属离子的便捷检测技术，但多数荧光化学传感器在检测时存在使用有机共溶剂的弊端，易造成二次污染，而且多数荧光化学传感器不易回收循环使用，导致资源浪费。本项目合成了一系列功能性不饱和单体，通过与水溶性单体在硅包覆磁性纳米粒子表面的可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)共聚，制备出可回收循环使用的不同种类的水溶性聚合物磁性荧光化学传感器，分别可实现对Cu2+、Hg2+、Al3+等金属离子的检测去除。初步探明了磁性纳米粒子尺寸、荧光指示剂结构、单体的种类与配比、水溶性聚合物的接枝密度、接枝方式、链长等内部因素对水溶性聚合物磁性荧光化学传感器的分散性及检测性能的影响。本项目还合成了一系列功能性小分子，通过聚合物改性法制备出不同种类的可循环使用的水溶性聚合物基化学传感器，分别实现了对Cu2+、Hg2+、Al3+等金属离子的可逆检测。此外，我们还合成出功能性聚合物，通过水滴模板法制备出具有发光功能的蜂窝状多孔膜，为用于水中金属离子检测与去除的多孔膜制备进行了初步探索。本项目研究为基于金属离子检测与去除一体化的水溶性聚合物磁性荧光化学传感器制备方法奠定了理论和技术基础，为新型水溶性聚合物基化学传感器的制备开辟了新的路径，对水环境中金属离子污染防治技术开发具有重要的理论和实际意义。.