高温热管在瞬变加热和冷却协同作用下的动态响应与失效机理

The reactors cooled with high-temperature heat pipes are of wide application prospect and great strategic significance. In view of the breakthrough and verification made on the high heat transfer capability, the dynamic response characteristics of high-temperature heat pipes under complex service environments are the key factors determining the reliability or even the engineering feasibility of the system. Former researchers mainly studied the dynamic response characteristics of high-temperature heat pipes under conventional (constant or small-amplitude, slowly, individually changing) boundary conditions, while the synergistic effects of transient heating and cooling were seldom concerned. However, a few pioneers and the applicant have found a series of special phenomena of unknown mechanisms through the non-conventional dynamic experiments, and the mechanisms remain to be deeply studied. In this project, parameterized dynamic response experiments combined with elaborate multi-physical simulation are proposed to study: a) Experimental phenomena and laws of the dynamic response of high-temperature heat pipes under transient heating and cooling; b) Dynamic response and mechanism of various physical processes in a high-temperature heat pipe under the synergistic effect of transient heating and cooling; c) Dynamic response characteristics of high-temperature heat pipes under the simulated working condition of a heat-pipe-cooled reactor. This research would help expand and deepen the understanding of the dynamic response characteristics and failure mechanisms of heat pipes, and support the performance evaluation and optimization of heat pipes in complex systems under extreme conditions.

以高温热管为堆芯传热部件的热管堆具有广阔应用前景和重大战略意义。鉴于其高传热能力已得到突破和验证，高温热管在复杂服役环境下的动态响应特性成为决定系统可靠性乃至工程可行性的核心因素。前人主要研究高温热管在常规（恒定或小幅度、慢速、单一变化）边界条件下的动态响应特性，极少关注瞬变加热和冷却协同作用。而少数先驱者和申请人通过非常规动态响应实验发现了一系列机理不明的特殊现象，有待对其背后的机理进行深入分析。本项目将参数化动态响应实验与精细多物理模拟相结合，研究：a）高温热管在瞬变加热和冷却作用下的动态响应实验现象和规律；b）瞬变加热和冷却协同作用下高温热管内各物理过程动态响应和作用机理；c）热管堆模拟工况下高温热管的动态响应特性。开展本项目有助于拓展和深化对热管动态响应特性和动态失效机理的认知，为热管在复杂系统中极端工况下的性能评估与优化设计提供支撑。

以高温热管为堆芯传热部件的热管堆具有广阔的应用前景和重大战略意义。鉴于其高传热能力已得到突破和验证，高温热管在复杂服役环境下的动态响应特性成为决定系统可靠性乃至工程可行性的核心因素。前人主要研究高温热管在常规（恒定或小幅度、慢速、单一变化）边界条件下的动态响应特性，极少关注瞬变加热和冷却协同作用，而少数先驱者和申请人通过非常规动态响应实验发现了一系列机理不明的特殊现象，有待对其背后的机理进行深入分析。项目周期内策划开展了瞬变加热和冷却作用下的动态响应实验现象和规律、各物理过程动态响应和作用机理以及热管堆模拟工况下的动态响应特性三方面研究。创建了赝热导率模型及热管堆电源系统核-热-电耦合模型并作仿真计算，开展了倾角、冷热边界条件等因素作用下的瞬态传热试验，掌握了热管瞬态传热基本规律。特别地，自制不锈钢-钠热管样件传热能力达到同类样件国内领先水平，与国际相近水平接近。