基于时空均衡策略的集装箱码头多目标优化决策研究

China has become one of the most important container transport countries. Nowadays, container ports play a significant role in the advance of sea transport modernization and the development of national economy. Inspired by the advanced management philosophy from the maritime transportation and global container terminals, we propose a time-space workload balancing strategy which aims to evenly distribute the workload of a container terminal in time- and space-wise. By this means, the efficiency of resource utilization can be increased and the steady operation of the terminal can be guaranteed. Based on this, we plan to construct the frame of time-space workload balancing strategy theory and propose its modeling expression, take the workload balancing into the objective set, and finally formulate a multi-objective mathematical problem that simultaneously considers the operation cost, time workload balancing and space workload balancing. The decision variables of the model are berth scheduling, berth allocation and yard allocation. To solve the problem, we propose to jointly employ the multi-objective optimization and combinatorial optimization techniques to design exact and heuristics algorithms in order to generate Pareto optimal solution set and approximation set. Based on the solutions found, we are able to conduct a thorough trade-off analysis among the decision objectives and help the operators find a reasonable workload balancing position. The successful completion of this project can make an important contribution to the research and the decision support of container terminal operation management.

我国是全球最重要的集装箱集疏运国家之一，集装箱港口是当今推进海运现代化和发展国民经济的重要基础设施。结合海运和国内外集装箱码头的先进管理理念，本项目拟提出针对我国集装箱码头运营的时空均衡策略，目的是通过作业在时间和空间维度的均衡化分布，提升码头资源使用效率保障其稳健有序的运行节奏。基于此，我们拟在文献梳理和实地调研的基础上，构建码头运营时空均衡策略理论框架并模型化表述，将作业均衡度纳入运营决策目标集，建立以运营成本和时、空间均衡度为目标，以泊位排期、分配和堆场分配为决策变量的多目标数学规划模型。针对此问题，拟综合运用多目标优化和组合优化方法，设计生成帕累托最优解集的精确算法和近似帕累托最优解集的高效启发式优化决策方案，在此基础上全面分析决策目标间的权衡关系，帮助管理者寻找合适的均衡度定位。本项目的成功实施将为码头运营管理理论与实践做出重要贡献，并为集装箱港口运营模式升级提供良好的决策支持。

本研究结合海运运营管理和国内外集装箱码头的先进管理理念，针对我国集装箱码头货运量日益增加和码头运营区域日益拥挤的现实，提出码头运营的时空均衡策略，目的是通过作业在时间和空间维度的均衡化分布，提升码头资源使用效率保障其稳健有序的运行节奏。基于此，我们在文献梳理和实地调研的基础上，构建了码头运营时空均衡策略理论框架并进行模型化表述，将作业均衡成都纳入运营决策目标集，建立以集装箱成本和时空调度作业均衡度为目标，以泊位排期、分配和堆场分配为决策变量的多目标数学规划模型。针对此问题，我们综合运用了多目标优化和组合优化方法，设计生成帕累托最优解集的epsilon-contraint精确算法和近似帕累托最优解集的NSGA II的高效启发式优化决策方案，在此基础上全面分析决策目标间的权衡关系，帮助管理者寻找合适的均衡度定位。本项目的成功实施将为码头运营管理理论与实践做出重要贡献，并为集装箱港口运营模式升级提供良好的决策支持。