面向残疾人的强耦合众包协同交互机制的研究

Disability employment has been one of the salient social issues in the world. Today, the development of the Internet, especially the rapid rise of crowdsourcing, provides new and promising opportunities for people with disabilities to do work from home. However, existing crowdsourcing platforms are mainly based on lightweight collaboration mechanisms, characterized by weak tie affiliations, anonymity and invisibility. Lightweight collaboration crowdsourcing mechanisms cannot fulfill the needs for people with disabilities who rely on strong tied communities and mutual help, and are as such ineffective to promote disability employment. This project aims to address these issues by exploring heavyweight crowdsourcing collaboration mechanisms including virtual team models, social translucence approaches, as well as related interactive and collaborative technologies for people with disabilities, combined with participatory design and empirical studies. Through heavyweight crowdsourcing collaboration mechanisms, we hope to enhance work capabilities and crowdsourcing experience for people with disabilities, and in the end to promote disability employment in today’s networked society.

残疾人就业是中国也是全世界面临的一个突出的社会问题。互联网尤其是网络众包（crowdsourcing）的出现和发展为残疾人就业提供了一个重要渠道。然而，现有的网络众包主要从众包需求方而非从众包成员（例如残疾人）的角度考虑问题，形成了以个人为单位、匿名的、缺乏联系的弱耦合、轻量级的协同交互机制，不能满足残疾人对团队的依赖和互帮互助的心理需求，无法有效支持残疾人就业。针对以上问题，本项目拟通过实证研究和残疾人参与设计的方法，探索一种新型的面向残疾人的以团队而非个人为单位的众包强耦合协同模型，结合社会半透明机制，辅以面向残疾人的协同交互技术，改善残疾人众包工作体验、提升残疾人的权力感和应对复杂任务以及维护自己权益的能力，从而有效促进残疾人网络就业，并丰富有关残疾人和网络众包的理论和技术。

本项目针对现有的以个人为单位的网络众包技术由于主要从众包需求方而非从众包工作者（例如残疾人）的角度考虑，具有匿名、不透明、缺乏沟通、弱耦合和轻量级的特点而不利于改善残疾人就业的问题，研究探索新型的面向残疾人的以团队为单位的强耦合众包协同交互机制，以改善残疾人众包工作体验、扩展应对复杂任务的能力，从而有效促进残疾人网络就业。主要创新成果包括：社会嵌入式的强耦合众包协同模型研究；众包人性化沟通和社会管理机制；在线用户行为分析；在线沟通的边界管理机制；基于社会半透明原则研发强耦合众包原型系统；利用强耦合众包协同交互技术完善众包体验；异常众包行为检测以及干预技术；自动反馈显示机制与自适应的动态任务匹配技术；开放性众包数据解读与应用技术。这些成果发表在高水平国际会议和期刊上，其中CCF A类会议论文5篇。在本基金项目资助下，项目组共发表学术论文6篇；申请国家发明专利3项；培养硕士10名；组织国内学术研讨会2次，参加学术会议21人次。