基于斯托克斯特征的舰船尾流气泡群探测与跟踪方法研究

The method of laser detect ship wake takes advantage of detecting devices under the marine natural bubble circumstance, with which it mainly detects the structure differences in signal caused by variations of bubble distributions in surface waters as ship passing through the sea. Using laser to detect wake has the advantage of perceiving tiny particles and physical field disturbance without being disturbed by acoustic bait. To address the problem that the traditional detection methods are difficulty detecting the low density and small bubbles, by measuring the Stokes Parameters of scattering light, this can comprehensively reflect the multiple polarization features of ship wake field’s features.By analyzing the ship wake geometric model and the law of bubble’s distribution, then we propose a detection and tracking method for ship wake which can distinct message of allo-information. By comparing and analyzing the differences of the Stokes parameter characteristics when laser irradiates the different densities, sizes, locations of micro-bubbles and sea water, the arrangement forms of reception and launch in laser detector will be designed, which can fully extract the information of ship wake field’s features and improve the current status of dilemma to detect low density and small bubbles. This research is of great theoretical significance and practical value on the development of laser wake detection and recognition.

舰船尾流检测主要利用探测装置在海洋自然气泡背景下，检测由舰船通过该海域后在海洋表层水体中引起的局部气泡分布变化而造成的回波信号结构差异，利用激光探测尾流具有能感知微小粒子和物理场扰动，不受声学诱饵干扰的优势。针对当前传统探测尾流手段对低密度、微小气泡群较难探测的问题，项目拟通过对尾流散射光的斯托克斯参量特征进行研究，全面反映激光经过尾流散射后的完全偏振光、部分偏振光、完全非偏振的特征。在此基础上进一步研究舰船尾流的几何模型和气泡分布规律，提出具有分辨左右舷能力的激光尾流探测与跟踪初步方案，主要通过辨别尾流中不同密度、大小、位置气泡群与海水水体散射光斯托克斯参量特征差异性，设计激光探测器接收、发射装置的布置方式，实现对尾流舷别信息的分辨，期望最终实现利用激光探测手段达到对尾流进行探测、识别、跟踪的目的。本课题对推动激光尾流探测与识别技术有重要理论意义和应用参考价值。

该课题研究的舰船尾流的探测方法可用于水面、水下运动目标及其他水下运动物体尾流场探测，主要研究了舰船尾流中的低密度、微小气泡群的光散射特征。在研究过程中首先对基于斯托克斯参量散射特征的尾流探测方法进行了理论和实验研究，确立了可行的探测方案，然后对比了尾流场中激光经过不同大小气泡群、浑浊水体、金属物体、紊流流场散射后信号的斯托克斯参量特征变化，提取了差异性特征信号，辨别了尾流中不同密度、大小、位置气泡群与海水水体散射光斯托克斯参量特征的差异性，提出了具有可分辨左右舷能力的激光尾流探测方案，最终通过对光尾流导引弹道进行了计算、推导，设计了几种激光探测器接收、发射装置的布阵方式，给出了尾流探测及寻迹方案，实现了对尾流舷别信息的分辨，初步达到了对舰船尾流信息进行探测、识别、跟踪的效果。该研究成果可为水下目标的探测、识别、跟踪提供有效的理论与实验依据，对推动激光尾流探测与识别技术的发展有重要理论意义和应用参考价值。同时该研究也可为诸如气溶胶等海洋现象以及其他气液两相流过程的光学检测提供一定的参考。