共价有机框架（COF）材料平台的模块化设计、构建及铀分离应用研究

Nuclear energy is considered the key energy form to solve the problem of human energy exhaustion. But as the main resource of nuclear energy, uranium is very limited in the nature. Therefore, it is urgent to develop stable and efficient extraction materials and technologies for separation and enrichment of uranium from all kinds of uranium-containing water. In this project, covalent organic framework (COF) with excellent physical and chemical properties and neat spatial structure is employed in separation of uranium. Firstly, a modularized one-step condensation is adopted to construct a flexible and modifiable covalent organic framework material platform. Based on the platform, various functional COFs acting as solid-phase extractants can be prepared easily and quickly by modification of the platform with well-designed functional molecules which can combine with uranium selectively. The obtained solid-phase extractants possess not only stable structures and large specific surface areas, but also outstanding modification rates which are fairly better than previous materials. This project will study the relationship between material structures and their adsorption performances in detail and reveal the design rules of selective separation materials for uranium, and develop applicable uranium extractants with high selectivity and high separation efficiency. This research will provide important theoretical references for separation of uranium from uranium-containing water. The strategy for design and construction of material platform will also provide more efficient synthetic methods and technical routes for the research of new functional materials.

核能是世界公认的可解决人类能源危机的关键能源形式，但作为核能主要资源的铀在自然界中储量是非常有限的。因此迫切需要开发稳定、高效的铀分离材料和技术，从各种含铀水体中分离富集铀资源。本项目选取理化性能优良、空间结构规整的共价有机框架（COF）材料用于铀的吸附分离。首先采用模块化的构筑方法一步缩合得到结构灵活多变、具可修饰性的COF材料平台，并以平台为基础，设计和选用超亲铀功能分子修饰改性材料平台，方便、快捷地制备各种功能化COF基固相萃取材料，这种材料不仅结构稳定、比表面积大，突出的功能化修饰率也是以往同类材料不可比拟的。本项目将详细研究制备材料结构与吸附性能间的关系，揭示铀选择性分离材料的设计规律，研制对铀具有高选择性和高分离效率、有实际应用价值的固相萃取剂，为从含铀水体中分离铀资源提供重要的理论参考。本项目提出的材料平台的设计与构建也将为新型功能材料的研究提供更加高效的合成思路和技术途径。

核能是世界公认的能够解决人类能源危机的关键能源形式，得到了许多国家的重视和发展。但作为核能主要资源的铀在自然界中储量却非常有限，迫切需要开发稳定、高效的铀分离材料和技术，从各种含铀水体中分离富集铀资源。本项目选用理化性能优良、结构规整有序、可设计性强的共价有机框架（COF）材料，通过模块化的构筑方法制备得到一系列COF基固相萃取材料，并用于铀的提取和分离。本项目通过实施建立了多个基于COF材料平台的方便、快捷的有序多孔骨架材料制备方法，发展了方法简单、经济实用、有推广应用价值的COF基固相萃取材料制备及功能改性新途径，获得了多个对核能资源铀具有优良吸附分离性能的、有应用潜力的放射性核素分离新材料。本项目共申请并获得授权国家发明专利3项，发表研究论文19篇，其中SCI收录论文17篇，培养研究生17名，训练本科生20余名，并通过项目研究大大提高了参与人员的科研素养和研究水平。本项目研究结果深化了我们对COF基固相萃取材料分离铀的本质的认识，研究过程揭示了功能化有序多孔骨架材料结构与萃取分离性能的关系，阐明了萃取分离基本作用规律，为新型固相分离材料的设计和分离工艺的革新提供了重要的理论基础和可选途径。