新型调频连续波光纤陀螺温度误差机理研究

The new frequency modulated continuous wave fiber optic gyro transmits the light using the fast axis and slow axis of the polarization maintaining fiber ring independently at the same time ,thus realizing two gyros in only one optical path,having the advantages of doubling the SAGNAC effect. In order to enhance environment adaptability, this topic researches on the new frequency-modulated continuous-wave fiber-optic gyro temperature error mechanism. In accordance with the structural characteristics of the new gyro, measuring and analyzing the noise characteristics of device; Studying the impact of different frequency modulate schemes for solid-state laser and semiconductor laser on gyro noise characteristics.Set up experimental prototype to test gyro noise characteristics, verify and optimize the gyro structure; measuring data of the gyro, then use the Allan variance analyzing and vivificating the accuracy of the gyroscope. Researching the impact of temperature, temperature gradient, the rate of temperature change, the temperature gradient on the zero-bias temperature error; establishing the zero bias temperature error model of the new gyro, proposing suppression methods. Analyzing the impact of diameter of fiber ring, fiber length, the light source center wavelength and other factors on the gyro scale factor temperature error; Establishing the scale factor temperature error model of the new gyro, Verifying the correctness of the model by experiment, proposing improvement measures. Finally, applying the results of research to the new fiber optic gyro.

新型调频连续波光纤陀螺利用保偏光纤环的快轴和慢轴独立传输，实现了一套光路，两套陀螺，具有加倍SAGNAC效应的优点。为了提高新型陀螺的环境适应性，本课题拟对陀螺的温度误差机理进行研究。依据新型陀螺的结构特点，分析陀螺噪声来源，对器件的噪声进行测量与分析；研究固体激光器和半导体激光器不同的调频方案对陀螺噪声的影响；搭建试验样机，用Allan方差的方法分析陀螺的随机游走系数，对陀螺的噪声进行评估并优化陀螺设计，进而对陀螺的理论精度进行分析。研究新型陀螺温度、温度梯度、温变速率和温度梯度的变化速率等因素对Shupe误差和热应力零偏误差等陀螺零偏温度误差的影响，建立陀螺零偏温度误差的数学模型，提出抑制误差的措施。分析光纤环直径、光纤长度、光源波长等参数对陀螺标度因数温度误差的影响，建立陀螺标度因数温度误差的数学模型，通过温度试验验证模型的正确性，提出改进措施，并把研究成果应用到新型光纤陀螺中。

新型调频连续波光纤陀螺实现了一套光路，两套陀螺，陀螺的两路信号通过差分，是一个具有互易性的陀螺，能够加倍Sagnac信号。在同等器件条件下，该方案陀螺所能达到的理论极限测量精度要高于传统陀螺方案，是传统陀螺的1.414倍，其根本原因在于通过差分，该方案加倍了Sagnac转动信号。针对光纤环中90°熔点引入的固有非互易误差，建立了理论模型，并分析了其温度误差。分析了光纤环中90°熔点位置对固有非互易误差的影响，提出了将90°熔点置于光纤环中点时陀螺的温度致非互易误差将显著减小，并进行了实验验证。建立了陀螺标度因数温度误差的数学模型。分析了光纤环直径、光纤长度、光源波长等参数对陀螺标度因数温度误差的影响，提出了标度因数温度补偿措施。