复杂环境下自润滑磁性纳米聚合物复合材料的摩擦学行为研究

Accompanied by the development of technology, widespread application of electromagnetic technology and the large-scale usage of magnet mechanism, magnetic field significantly influenced the tribological behavior as important as temperature, atmosphere, load, irradiation conditions, etc. Materials with more usable friction and wear properties are qualified for this complex and demanding conditions. With good environmental adaptability, it is an effective way of using polymer materials to control friction, reduce wear, ensure the equipment reliability and extend service life. However, only few researches on polymer materials tribological behavior under magnetic field have been reported. The tribological mechanism of functional magnetic nano-polymer composites under magnetic field and complex environment needs to be further studied. We intend to prepare a series of functional self-lubricative magnetic nano-polymer composite material, simulate several typical working conditions under magnetic field, and carry out the research and discussion on the influence mechanism of magnetism and magnetic field. According to these studies, the project will reveal the tribological behavior of self-lubricative magnetic nano-polymer composites under complex environment, provide a basis to the design and development of new functional polymer composites, and expand the application fields of polymer materials.

随着电磁技术的发展和磁力机械设备的大量使用，磁场已经与温度、气氛、载荷、辐照等条件一起成为影响材料摩擦学行为的重要因素。复杂、苛刻的工况也对材料的摩擦磨损性能提出了更高的要求。聚合物材料具有良好的环境适应性，是有效的控制摩擦、减少磨损，保证设备部件可靠性与使用寿命的手段。然而，目前有关聚合物材料在磁场中的摩擦学行为研究还比较缺乏，磁场等复杂环境对功能性磁性纳米聚合物复合材料摩擦学行为的影响机理也缺乏探讨。本项目拟通过制备功能性自润滑磁性纳米聚合物复合材料，模拟数种磁场条件下较典型的工况环境，开展复杂环境下材料磁性与外加磁场对自润滑磁性纳米聚合物复合材料摩擦学行为的研究和影响机理的探讨，以期为新型功能性聚合物复合材料的设计与开发提供依据，拓展聚合物材料的应用领域。

磁性纳米聚合物复合材料在密封、空间固体润滑等领域具有极大的潜在应用前景。本项目旨在研究磁场等复杂条件下磁性聚合物复合材料的摩擦学性能，通过将磁性颗粒与传统自润滑聚合物材料进行复合，赋予复合润滑材料新的功能特性，扩展聚合物材料的应用领域。首先分别采用共沉淀法和溶剂热法制备了两种Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒，另一方面设计制备了一种热固性聚酰亚胺预聚体，然后分别采用热塑性PI模塑粉、热固性PI预聚体溶液、PTFE模塑粉、PTFE水分散乳液为基底制备了四个系列的磁性纳米聚合物复合材料。对所得到的复合材料进行了一系列力学和磁性能表征，证明获得了预期的磁性聚合物复合材料，采用表面修饰的办法，Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒可以在聚合物中均匀分散，而且磁性纳米颗粒的添加在一定程度上改善了聚合物基底的力学性能。研究发现，适量添加的Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒可以改善聚合物复合材料在不同摩擦对偶、常温、低温等复杂条件下的摩擦学性能，特别是耐磨损能力获得了较大的提高，为开发功能性聚合物自润滑复合材料提供了一种新的可行的办法。遗憾的是，由于设备和技术原因，外加磁场条件下磁性聚合物复合材料的摩擦学性能研究未能达成，在今后进一步加强调研，寻找更可行、可靠的技术手段和相关设备，以期继续开展相关工作。