油藏营养刺激条件下微生物群体响应机制及其对石油烃的作用

Under the current international situation of low oil prices, cheap, environmentally friendly microbial enhanced oil recovery technology has shown great commercial value. However, its further application is restricted by the many factors, such as the lag of fundamental research and the unstable field effect. Based on the studies, the increase of metabolic activity, biomass and product is the premise and foundation for microbial enhanced oil recovery, and in this process, how microorganisms and their metabolic process differ in the response of different nutrients and what roles are they played directly or indirectly in the hydrocarbon, that is, how microorganisms and their metabolic response acted with crude oil in the process of biological stimulation oil displacement, this is one of bottlenecks of theory need to be solved at present stage. Here, the bio-pressure reactor and the core simulation system are used to study the response mechanism of different nutrient-type strains, internal metabolic pathway and the change of product types with nutritional injection, transport and consumption process under the condition of biological stimulation, to clarify the role of microorganisms and their metabolic products in the crude oil, thus deepening the understanding of the microbial metabolic network in the reservoir, providing the theoretical basis for the selection of endogenous microbial activator and the development of the metabolic regulation technology of community. This project is also significant to the further study of microbial enhanced oil recovery mechanism; the improvement of the pattern for directionally stimulate functional bacteria for emulsifying oil in the reservoir, and the efficient development in the oil field.

在目前低油价的国际形势下，廉价环保的内源微生物采油技术已显示出巨大的商业价值，然而基础研究相对滞后，现场效果不稳定等因素制约了其进一步推广应用。研究发现，代谢活动的加剧及生物量和产物浓度的增加是微生物采油的前提和物质基础，而在此过程中微生物及其代谢过程对不同营养剂的响应有何不同，对石油烃产生了哪些直接或间接地作用，即生物刺激驱油过程中的微生物及其代谢响应与原油互作机制，这是现阶段需要解决的理论瓶颈之一。本项目应用生物压力反应器和岩心模拟系统，重点研究油藏生物刺激条件下不同营养型菌系的响应机制、整体代谢途径和产物类型随营养注入、运移和消耗过程的变化，阐明微生物及其代谢产物与原油的作用关系，从而深化对油藏微生物代谢网络的基础认识，为内源微生物激活剂的选择及菌群代谢调控技术的发展提供理论依据，对进一步阐明微生物采油机理，完善微生物驱油数学模型，稳步提升现场试验效果均具有重要的科学意义。

在目前低油价的国际形势下，廉价环保的内源微生物采油技术已显示出巨大的商业价值，然而基础研究相对滞后，现场效果不稳定等因素制约了其进一步推广应用。研究发现，代谢活动的加剧及生物量和产物浓度的增加是微生物采油的前提和物质基础，而在此过程中微生物及其代谢过程对不同营养剂的响应有何不同，对石油烃产生了哪些直接或间接地作用，即生物刺激驱油过程中的微生物及其代谢响应与原油互作机制，这是现阶段需要解决的理论瓶颈之一。.本项目应用生物压力反应器和岩心模拟系统，重点研究油藏生物刺激条件下不同营养型菌系的响应机制、整体代谢途径随营养注入和消耗过程的变化。该项目在空间和时间尺度上分别揭示了油藏环境中细菌和古菌群落的空间尺度依赖性模式和演替模式；确定了添加玉米浆干粉更有利于激活兼具乳化原油和降解烷烃能力的采油功能菌，利用核酸稳定同位素技术解译了油藏环境中烃降解功能类群并建立了深地油藏环境烃降解功能菌图谱；阐明了卡斯特兰尼氏菌属（Castellaniella）长时间为优势菌属且该菌属丰度变化与采收率变化趋势高度吻合。这些结果深化了对油藏微生物代谢网络的基础认识，为内源微生物激活剂的选择及菌群代谢调控技术的发展提供理论依据，对进一步阐明微生物采油机理，完善微生物驱油数学模型，稳步提升现场试验效果均具有重要的科学意义。.本项目共发表学术论文15篇，获得国家发明专利1项，获得科研奖励3项，培养研究生8名，其中博士3名（已毕业1名），硕士5名（已毕业3名）。