刺参养殖池塘丝状绿藻暴发过程与细菌群落动态变化的关系及其生态耦合机制研究

Frequent blooms of filamentous green algae in the Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds seriously affect the environment of aquaculture and may initiate a variety of ecological effects. Our preliminary field investigation indicates that some bacterial community dynamics is related to blooms of filamentous green algae. Dynamics of bacterial communities (especially those closely related to the health of Apostichopus japonicas) are of great significance to healthy aquaculture. Based on it, the project aims to study the relationship between outbreak process of filamentous green algae and dynamics of bacterial community in Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds and its ecological coupling mechanism. The sample are constantly collected and analyzed by Illumina technology to reveal the relationship between outbreak process of filamentous green algae and dynamics of bacterial communities. From which, several pathogens and probiotics which are closely related to the health of Apostichopus japonicas are focused and verified indoor. By means of indoor simulation, the influence and ecological coupling mechanism of filamentous green algae on above-mentioned bacteria will be investigated. This study will provide references for maintaining ecological balance and healthy aquaculture in Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds.

近年来刺参养殖池塘丝状绿藻暴发严重，影响养殖环境，可能引发多种生态效应。前期调研发现丝状绿藻暴发与池塘某些细菌群落动态变化相关，而细菌群落（尤其是与刺参健康生长紧密相关细菌群落）动态变化对刺参健康养殖具有重要意义，因此本课题对刺参池塘丝状绿藻暴发过程与细菌群落动态变化的关系及其生态耦合机制进行研究。借助于生态调查和Illumina高通量测序等技术，明晰刺参养殖池塘丝状绿藻暴发过程与细菌群落动态变化的关系；基于调研结果，初步确定丝状绿藻暴发引起变化的刺参病害菌和益生菌群落及其相关性，通过室内模拟试验进行验证；控制不同环境、生物参数，将丝状绿藻和细菌进行室内培养，阐释丝状绿藻暴发过程与细菌群落动态变化的生态耦合机制，为维系养殖生态平衡和刺参健康养殖提供依据。

刺参养殖池塘丝状绿藻暴发，可能引发细菌群落动态变化异常，影响刺参健康养殖。本课题借助于生态调查和Illumina高通量测序等技术，结合室内模拟试验，发现刺参养殖池塘环境细菌群落结构组成随季节而变化，同时又受到绿潮藻暴发的影响，绿藻暴发对不同季节刺参养殖池塘沉积物和海水中细菌α多样性、优势菌群落结构均产生明显影响，绿藻暴发能够引起刺参养殖池塘特定细菌种类的变化。绿潮藻暴发区域海水中具有显著差异的物种主要是刺参潜在致病菌，且绿藻暴发能够显著改变刺参潜在致病菌丰度，可能对刺参健康生长产生影响。暴发区水样分离的可培养菌株Y20，经鉴定为V. alginolyticus，对强壮硬毛藻的生长具有显著抑制作用，可通过多种途径对强壮硬毛藻一些重要生理生化途径产生抑制，从而起到抑制藻体生长的效果，具有良好的抑藻前景。上述科学发现为维系养殖生态平衡和刺参健康养殖提供了依据，为绿潮的生物防治提供了参照。