Proteasomes degrade most cellular proteins. The applicant and his team discovered that most proteasomes from testes (i.e., spermatoproteasomes) contain the proteasome activator PA200, a testis-specific α subunit α4s, and the catalytic β subunits of immunoproteasomes. They further demonstrate that PA200 may recognize acetyl-Lys in the core histones via its bromodomain-like region, and promotes proteasomal degradation of the core histones during somatic DNA repair and spermatogenesis (Qian et al., Cell, 2013). This application attempts to 1) study the role of α4s and catalytic β subunits in the PA200-proteasome during somatic DNA repair and spermatogenesis, 2) probe the mechanisms by which the PA200-mediated degradation of the core histones is regulated during somatic DNA repair and spermatogenesis, 3) characterize the non-histone subunits of the PA200-proteasomes, and 4) explore the roles of acetylation and ubiquitination in recognizing substrates of the PA200-proteasomes. The results from this project should improve our knowledge on the PA200-proteasomes and molecular mechanisms for cell metabolism, growth, survival, and differentiation.
蛋白酶体负责细胞内大多数蛋白质的降解。申请者发现多数哺乳动物睾丸中的蛋白酶体包含蛋白酶体激活因子PA200、一个睾丸特异的α亚基α4s和免疫蛋白酶体的β催化亚基,组成特异的“生精蛋白酶体”;揭示在体细胞DNA损伤应答和精子发生过程中,PA200可能通过其非典型性的BRD结构域结合核心组蛋白的乙酰化赖氨酸残基从而促使其通过蛋白酶体降解(Qian et al., Cell, 2013)。该申请将试图1)研究PA200-蛋白酶体中α4s及免疫蛋白酶体的β催化亚基在精子发生和体细胞DNA修复时组蛋白降解中的作用,2) 探索体细胞DNA损伤和精子发生过程中PA200介导的组蛋白降解的调控机制,3)鉴定PA200蛋白酶体非组蛋白底物,4)解析乙酰化和泛素化在PA200蛋白酶体底物识别中的作用。其结果将加深对PA200-蛋白酶体作用机制的认识,有助于阐明细胞代谢、生长、存活及分化的分子机制。
经过5年的努力,我们圆满完成了原计划所有研究内容,在PNAS等刊物发表9篇论文(部分关键成果仍在整理发表中),出版相关专著1部,获得专利授权1项。主要研究结果总结如下:. 在前期揭示PA200/Blm10蛋白酶体促进体细胞DNA 损伤修复和精细胞变长过程中依赖于乙酰化的组蛋白降解基础上(Qian et al., Cell., 2013),本项目揭示了PA200/Blm10也促进转录、细胞衰老和精母细胞减数分裂时DNA 修复等重要生物学过程中的组蛋白降解。更为重要的是,我们发现PA200及其酵母同源物Blm10可维持组蛋白修饰的稳定性,最终延缓衰老。所有这些过程中的组蛋白降解都依赖于乙酰化。另外,还发现PA200促进核心组蛋白降解过程中的共同激活因子PA200BP,鉴定了调控Blm10转录的因子,发现细胞可通过上调Blm10转录来拮抗衰老,发现了PA200-蛋白酶体促进非组蛋白底物线粒体膜蛋白Drp1通过依赖于乙酰化的途径降解。更进一步,我们发现敲除自噬和凋亡双重调控蛋白CacyBP/SIP加快Drp1降解,从而减少线粒体中Drp1含量。发现自噬标志性蛋白LC3-II的前体蛋白LC3-I通过蛋白酶体通路降解,而SIP抑制凋亡和自噬双重抑制蛋白BRUCE介导的LC3-I通过蛋白酶体降解。. 去乙酰化酶HDAC抑制剂和DNA损伤剂的联合用药经常对肿瘤病人显示协同效应。本项目研究发现采用HDAC抑制剂和DNA损伤剂联合处理仅叠加性地导致肿瘤细胞死亡,但会协同性地引起核心组蛋白降解,提示组蛋白降解可能比细胞死亡更能反映两者联合用药在临床上的作用。本项目研究结果,不仅有利于阐释转录,DNA损伤修复,精子发生,细胞凋亡,自噬和衰老的基本规律,也可有助于解析男性不育、肿瘤、心血管疾病及衰老等各种人类重大疾病的发病机制,并为这些疾病的治疗提供有益的数据。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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