基于生态优先的宁夏中南部干旱区域水资源配置模式构建

Facing up with the reality of fragile eco-environment in the arid region of the Central and Southern ,Ningxia,according to its characteristics of water resources：depending on the pumping water of Yelow River, piloting water from Jing River and regional water resource,based on materials of land use, vegetation distribution, water and soil erosion, water resources condition of the Central and Southern Ningxia,the project will explicit concept system,theorical system and type classification of the eco-enviromental water requirement firstly.Through the analysis of the water resources situation, the integrated caculation model of eco-environent water requirement for the Central and Southern arid region of Ningxia will be established further more.Then the model should be used to caculate eco-enviromental water demand systematicly and quantitatively. On this basis, according to the water resource charateristics of the central and southern arid region, the theory system of reasonable water allocation will be put forward. Based on the theory system research on rational allocation of water resource, the project will develop a theoretical framework of the water resources allocation based on ecological priority. Therefore the theory of water resource allocation system is perfected. Then the mathematical model for the rational allocation of water resources will be established on the basis of biggest benefit combined with economy, society and ecology. The model will concide the ecological water and domestic water benefit into the overall benefits, and provides them larger benefit coefficient and the priority order coefficient to realize the reasonable allocation of water resources on ecological priority mode.Using the conclusion of the concept, classification, estimation model and mehod of eco-environment water requirement about arid area in this research, combining with the natural geography condition of reception basin of the drinking water source engineering of the Central and Southern Ningxia, some application research will be made in the reception basin.At the same time, conclusion will be cleared to solve the regional eco-environment construction problem and provide the decision-making basis for sustainable utilization of water resources in the reception basin,as well as it can provide reference for eco-environment establishment and water resources allocation research in similar arid regions.

面对宁夏中南部干旱区域生态环境十分脆弱的现实情况，及其北扬黄河水、南引泾河水、“扬、引、蓄并举”的多水源供水格局，以其典型代表区域土地利用、植被分布、水资源状况等为背景材料，在明确界定区域生态环境需水概念、类型以及相关理论体系研究的基础上，建立具有区域特点的生态环境需水量综合及分项估算模型，能够较为准确、系统地估算区域生态环境需水量；进而结合区域水资源及用水特点，研究生态优先的水资源合理配置理论依据与体系，并根据生态目标、经济目标、社会目标，构建生态优先的多目标水资源合理配置模型，实现生态优先的水资源合理配置模式，最后对多种水源的配置效果进行评价研究，充分实现区域社会、经济和生态环境协调发展；在理论研究的基础上，面对宁夏中南部饮水安全水源调水工程即将全面启动的现实情况，在其受水区域进行实例应用研究。该项研究为宁夏以及同类干旱地区生态环境建设及水资源高效、可持续利用提供决策依据和借鉴。

面对宁夏中南部干旱区域生态环境十分脆弱的现实情况，及其北扬黄河水、南引泾河水、“扬、引、蓄并举”的多水源供水格局，开展了基于生态优先的水资源合理配置研究。首先在全面总结和辨析国内外相关研究中生态需水、环境需水概念的基础上，结合区域特点，对干旱区域“生态环境需水”的概念、内涵进行了研究、探讨。在生态环境需水概念的指导下，进而结合宁夏中南部干旱区域特点对其生态环境需水类型作了进一步的明确界定；提出了估算生态环境需水量的概念性框架和步骤，初步构建了量化区域生态环境需水量的数学模型，探索了适用于干旱区域生态环境需水的估算方法。在区域可持续发展的水资源合理配置理论研究的基础上，进一步结合宁夏中南部干旱区域特点构建了生态优先的水资源合理配置理论框架，补充、完善了可持续发展的水资源合理配置理论体系。利用干旱区域生态环境需水量概念内涵、分类、估算模型、估算方法等理论研究成果，以宁夏中南部调水工程受水区（研究区）为典型代表区域，结合区域自然地理、河流水系、植被分布等情况，对其生态环境需水量进行了应用研究。定量估算了研究区现状生态环境需水量，并从不同角度分析了估算结果，明确了结论，为研究区生态环境建设以及水资源可持续利用提供了决策依据。进而对需要配置的生态环境需水量进行了界定，为生态优先的水资源合理配置奠定了基础。利用基于生态优先的干旱区域水资源合理配置理论研究结果，结合研究区“扬、引、蓄并举”的多水源调配特点，建立了经济目标、社会目标、生态环境目标，以及包含各种约束条件的多目标水资源合理配置模型，并根据其区域特点率定模型中的各项参数、确定约束条件，进而采用目标逼近法结合Matlab软件对模型求解，实现了生态优先的水资源合理配置；最后对配置结果进行了评价，表明水资源配置方案实施后可支撑未来研究区经济社会的可持续发展。