不同基因型小豆籽粒铁积累的差异性研究

Iron is an important micronutrient for all living organisms. Almost 25% of the world population is affected by iron deficiency, a leading cause of anemia. In plants, iron (Fe) de?ciency is one of the major limiting factors affecting crop production in calcareous soils worldwide,which leads to chlorosis and reduced yield and iron content in the seeds of crops. Crop products are the main channel which human uptake iron nutrition from, increasing iron content and the effectiveness of edible parts of agricultural products is the most economical and effective approach. filtrating highly cumulative ferrite crop genotypes, revealing the mechanism of the iron accumulation of crop,and the methods through genetic projects is the basis of improving crops iron nutrition...Azuki bean (Vigna angularis) is a traditional crop orignated from China. The planting area in China is usually 2.5-3.0 million hm2, the largest planting area of azuki bean in the world. Total production is 3-4 million ton per year. China has 80% export volume of the world azuki bean trade. The seeds of azuki bean are rich in iron,a traditional food enriching the blood...This study adopts the soil culture and hydroponics method,with a lot of germplasm resources, filtrate the grain iron content from 300 azuki bean they root in different genetic background. analyzed and compared the iron content, biomass, the mechanism of iron absorption, transportation ,and distribution and other morphological, physiological traits at different growth stages to high-iron and low iron genotype. Provide some academic basises for breeding iron high efficiency genotypes azuki bean and finding out the mechanism of iron highly accumulation.

铁是作物生长的必需元素，缺铁不仅导致作物减产和降低作物籽粒中的铁含量，而且直接影响到人类的铁营养状况。土壤中铁多以Fe3+的形式存在，这种形态的铁在中性和碱性土壤中的溶解度低，导致土壤中铁的生物有效性低。作物对土壤矿质元素的吸收效率存在基因型差异，不同基因型作物对于矿质元素的响应度存在差异，筛选出吸收和利用铁效率高、籽粒富铁的基因型作物具有现实意义。小豆籽粒富含铁，是传统的补血食物，其自身代谢需要较多的铁营养。本研究利用丰富的小豆种质资源，采用先进的测定分析技术，研究不同基因型小豆籽粒铁含量及其相关的形态、生理指标，生理、分子机制，充分挖掘小豆自身对土壤铁的利用潜力，提高小豆产量，增强小豆籽粒的含铁量，改善小豆的营养品质，应用于作物生物强化，为研究小豆对铁累积的高效率育种提供基础依据。

铁是作物生长的必需元素，缺铁不仅导致作物减产和降低作物籽粒中的铁含量，而且直接影响到人类的铁营养状况。本项目利用丰富的小豆种质资源，研究了不同基因型小豆籽粒铁含量及其相关的形态、生理指标及分子机制。主要结果是（1）通过不同基因型小豆铁积累量的差异性分析，得出小豆叶片铁含量的差异性大于籽粒，叶片铁含量与籽粒铁含量相关性不显著，说明铁在籽粒、叶片中分布在不同基因型小豆间存在差异，有些小豆分配到叶片的铁较多，有些分配到籽粒较多。发掘了小豆铁高效吸收利用和籽粒高铁营养积累优异基因型资源6个。（2）小豆的幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、光合速率及根系Fe3+ 还原酶活性、根系呼吸速率可作为筛选、培育铁高效小豆品种的生理指标。（3）小豆与玉米间作显著提高了小豆籽粒铁含量（最高比单作提高21%）。本项目的科学意义在于（1）铁含量不同的基因型小豆为筛选铁高效型基因及育种工作提供了材料基础。（2）初步建立了小豆籽粒铁积累效率高的鉴定指标体系。（3）小豆生产中通过间作等农艺措施提高小豆籽粒铁营养。