包虫病(细粒及多房棘球蚴病)病原生态学及流行病学

Tang Chong-ti et al..(Parasitology Research Laboratory, Xiamen University).Chai Jun-jie et al..(Xinjiang Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Research).The results of the ecological and bioepidemiological survey on the.pathogene of cystic and alveolar hydatid disease for five years in Xinjiang,.Qing-hai, Si-chuan and northeast Inner Mongolia of weatern.China indicated that there are serious natural pathogene sources and.endemic areas of Hydatid Zoonoses in theses provinces and autonomous.regions..About the species of hydatid pathogene, Echinococcus granulosus.and Echinococcus multilocularis were found in Xin-jiang, Qing-hai.and Si-chuan, yet the Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis,.Echinococcus sibiricensis, Alveolaris hulunbeierensis , the.polycystic echinococcus and 1 or 2 Echinococcus sp. were found in.国家自然科学基金资助项目结题报告.4.Hulunbeier Pasture of northeast Inner Mongolia. The different structures.and development patterns of these metacestodes, different.pathological change and courses of disease in their rodent hosts were.observed experimentally in laboratory..The incidences of infections with adults and metacestodes of.pathogen Echinococcus spp. in wild and domestic animals as follows:.(1)Adults of Echinococcus:.Fox: 11.23%(21/187)(Inner Mongolia), 44.44%(76/171) (Si-chuan),.33.3%(3/9)(Qing-hai); (0/5) (Xin-jiang); Wolf: 33.3% (3/9)(Inner.Mongolia), 100%(2/2)(Qing-hai); Herdsdog: 15.34% (98/639).(Xin-jiang), 56.6%(30/53) (Qing-hai), 30.2%(16.53) (Si-chuan),.(0/28) (Inner Mongolia)..(2) Larval Echinococcus (metacestodes):.Cystic hydatid: Ox: 4.05%(16/395)(Inner Mongolia); Yak:.58.19%(3021/5128)(Qing-hai), 50.8%(219/429)(Si-chuan); Sheep:.0.18%(3/1642)(Inner Mongolia), 57.73%(5403/9359)(Qing-hai);.Goat: 34.74%(530/1526)(Qing-hai); Pig: 7.69%(115/1469)(Qing-hai).and Camel 1 positive (Inner Mongolia)..Alveolar echinococcus: Microtus brandti 7.63%(218/2858).(Inner Mongolia; it is 3.37%(64/1897) in 1985 at the same pasture);.Ochotona curzoniae 5.6%(13/233), Lepus oiostolus 7.1%(1/14) and.Pitymys irene 25%(3/12)(Si-chuan); Alticola strelzoui 1.6%(1/61) and.Microtus ilaeus 0.76%(7/916)(Xin-jiang)..Polycystic echinococcus: Meriones unguiculatus 2.22% (1/45).(Inner Mongolia)..(3) Survey on human hydatidosis:.The epidemiological surveies on human hydatid disease were.carried out by the methods of ELISA, B-ultrasound and X-ray in.Xin-jiang and Qing-hai. The infection rates of people were.1.01%(52/5121) in Xin-jiang; and 25.34%(1379/5442)(ELISA),.5.35%(291/5442)(B-ultrasound and X-Ray) in Qing-hai. The results.indicated that ELISA is a more sensitive method for diagnosing.hydatidosis.

本项目经过五年的调查研究和人工感染试验，结果说明我国西部地区的新疆、青海、四川和内蒙东部是“人兽共患肝包虫病”.的严重流行区并存在“自然疫源地”。病原种类有：囊状肝包虫(Cystic hydatid)(细粒棘球绦虫Echinococcus granulosus)、三种.泡状肝包虫(Alveolar hydatid)(多房棘球绦虫Echinococcusmultilocularis; 西伯利亚棘球绦虫Echinococcussibiricensis; 呼伦贝尔泡状蚴Alveolaris hulunbeierensis).和多囊棘球蚴(Polycystic hydatid)(Echinococcus sp.), 还有棘.球绦虫未定种(Echinococcus sp.)1—2 种;不同于国际上认为肝包虫病原只有一种囊状棘球蚴、一种2 亚种多房泡状棘球蚴和在南.美洲的二种多囊棘球蚴的说法。经人工感染试验证明上述各病原幼虫期具不同的发育规律、宿主病情反应和病理组织变化.各调查地点肝包虫病原的野生和家养动物宿主（包括终宿主和中间宿主）感染严重。（1）囊状及泡状病原成虫的宿主：狐：（内蒙%(21/187)、四川44%(76/171)、青海33.3%（3/9））;.狼：（内蒙33.3%（3/9）、青海100%（2/2））;新疆和青海的牧犬分别为15.34%和56.6%。（2）囊状棘球蚴的宿主：牦牛：（青海.58.19%(3021/5128)、四川50.8% (219/429)）；青海的绵羊为57.73%(5403/9359) 、山羊34.73% (530/1526) 和猪.69%(115/1496);内蒙的牛为4.05% (16/395)、绵羊0.18% (3/1642)、国家自然科学基金资助项目结题报告3骆驼1 只阳性。（3）泡状棘球蚴的宿主：内蒙的布氏田鼠7.63%(21