基于核酸适配体功能化黑磷纳米片的生物体重金属离子信息电化学传感研究

Heavy metal ions overproof in biological body result in serious safety problems, and pose a potential hazard to human health because of environmental population. It is important to develop a sensitive, accurate, simple, rapid method for simultaneous detection of heavy metal ions in biological body. Aptamers, short single-stranded ssDNA or RNA oligonucleotides, are functional recognition molecules with higher selectivity. Black phosphorus nanoparticles have excellent electronic and electrocatalytic properties. In this study, aptamers are selected having the specific recognition for mercury, cadmium and lead. Black phosphorus nanoparticles are prepared with high electrochemical performance. An electrochemical sensor for the detection of mercury, cadmium and lead ions in organisms is constructed based on aptamers and black phosphorus nanoparticles using assembly technology. Then, the three single biosensors for simultaneous rapid detection of multiple heavy metal ions are arrayed, which is used for biological samples. Therefore, a general technical platform for electrochemical detection will take shape for simultaneous detection of multiple heavy metal ions based on the rapid, reliable, low-cost electrochemical method for biological samples, which would provide the new sensing theory, mechanism and preparation method for the development of pocket and portable instruments.

环境污染导致生物体内重金属超标将严重危害人体健康，为适应生物体内多种重金属离子检测需求，建立灵敏、准确、简单、快速的检测技术非常重要，多种重金属离子同时检测方法更亟待发展。核酸适配体是具有高选择性的ssDNA或RNA寡核苷酸功能识别分子，黑磷纳米片具有优良的电子学和电催化特性。本研究拟以生物体内汞、镉、铅离子为检测对象，筛选出具有特异性识别的核酸适配体，并制备具有高电化学性能的黑磷纳米片，采用组装技术构建一种无干扰、高灵敏检测生物体内汞、镉、铅离子的电化学传感器。并拟采用电极阵列法构建能同时检测Hg2+、Cd2+、Pd2+等重金属离子的高灵敏、无干扰电化学传感器，实现生物体内多种重金属离子的同时快速检测。为快速、准确、低成本现场检测生物体内多种重金属离子提供新的传感理论、机理和制备方法，为小型化、便利化技术通用平台提供理论指导与技术支持。

环境污染导致生物体内重金属超标将严重危害人体健康，为适应生物体内多种重金属离子检测需求，建立灵敏、准确、简单、快速的检测技术非常重要，多种重金属离子同时检测方法更亟待发展。本课题中，我们筛选获得了高特异性的重金属离子核酸适配体，建立了一种筛选小分子化合物的筛选技术，制备了具有优良的电子学的少层黑磷纳米片和羟基黑磷纳米片，并用聚赖氨酸、多孔石墨烯功能化，采用组装技术构建了重金属离子适配体传感器，该类传感器具有高灵敏、高特异性，稳定性好，重复性好，构建的镉离子传感器检测灵敏度为1pM，构建的铅离子传感器检测灵敏度可达8.3pM，汞离子传感器的检测限为0.14nM。并采用电极阵列法构建了检测Hg2+、Cd2+、Pd2+的高灵敏、高特异性电化学传感器，应用该电极阵列传惑器可实现对多个重金属离子的多重检测。