CeO2基复合氧化物介孔材料的制备及低温净化汽车尾气的研究

Mesoporous CeO2 has extensive application prospects in the purification of vehicle exhaust due to the advantages of both mesoporous materials and ceria. However, most commonly used three-way catalysts have a large number of precious metals now and some applications were limited by some factors, such as the expensive practice, easily sintering at high temperatures. This project "Research of the preparation of non-noble metal CeO2-based oxide composite mesoporous materials and purification of automobile exhaust in low temperature" concerns controllable synthesis of multi-metal ion doped mesoporous CeO2-based composite materials with soft template method, reveals the relationship between preparation process and its physical and chemical properties. And it develops a new method easily using commercially available materials, universally applicable and easy to repeat to synthesis CeO2-based composite mesoporous materials. And it will explore the regularities of relevancy of doped ions, composition, structure and properties, investigates the multi-component catalytic mechanism of redox process from microscopic theory. The study has important application value and scientific significance for enriching the physical and chemical theory of the preparation of mesoporous nanocomposites, new car exhaust catalytic purification materials at low temperature and eliminating the fog to protect the environment.

介孔CeO2由于兼具CeO2自身和介孔材料两方面的优点，在汽车尾气净化方面有着广阔的应用前景，然而目前常用的三元催化剂中使用大量贵金属，但是由于价格昂贵、在高温下较容易烧结等因素，在某种程度上限制了其在实际中的应用。本项目提出“非贵金属CeO2基复合氧化物介孔材料的制备及低温净化汽车尾气的研究”这一研究课题，关注软模板法多金属离子掺杂CeO2基复合介孔材料的可控合成，揭示制备过程与其物理化学性能之间的关系，开发出一条能简单利用商品化原料、普适的、易重复的CeO2基复合介孔材料合成路线，探索掺杂离子、组成、结构与性能相关性的规律，从微观理论上探讨多组份催化氧化还原过程的机理问题。该研究对于丰富介孔纳米复合材料制备过程物理化学理论、新型低温汽车尾气催化净化材料以及消除雾霾保护环境都具有重要的应用价值和科学意义。

在本项目执行期间，围绕新型高效稀土二氧化铈多孔复合催化材料的设计合成和催化性能表征进行了系统的研究，对于材料的催化活性、催化选择性以及稳定性进行了合理地调控进，取得了一系列创新性成果，合成了Au@Co3O4/CeO2、Au@CeO2/SnO2、Au@Co3O4/CeO2/Fe2O3、Au-Pd@CeO2、Pt-Ni@CeO2、Ag-Au@CeO2、Pt/CeO2@MOF、Au@Co3O4/CeO2/Fe2O3/SnO2、AuPt/CeO2等多种CeO2基催化材料，对于材料的催化活性、催化选择性以及稳定性进行了合理地调控进，合成的催化材料在室温下可以实现100%CO转化，在零下20度依然具有较高活性，NOx还原转化温度220度，合成的催化材料连续工作10天依然保持初始的催化活性，稳定性性高，可以实现循环使用，完成项目按计划书指标。研究结果在Chem. Soc. Rev.、Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.、Adv. Mater.、Chem. Sci.、ACS Catal.等国际著名期刊发表研究论文34篇，申请发明专利3项，通过本项目的实施，培养博士5名。