超高压强化溶剂提取植物有效成分的传质机理研究

With the problem of food safety getting increasingly serious, it has become a hot issue to extract the functional food ingredients and additives from natural plant resources. Recently, the ultra-high pressure technique has been developed to extract bioactive ingredients from plant materials, taking advantages of time saving, higher extraction yields, fewer solvent consumption, excellent selectivity, minimal heat and can avoid thermal degradation on the activity and structure of bioactive components, etc. At present, the research on the ultra-high pressure extraction has only stayed on determination of the optimum extraction process conditions of active ingredients from different plants through the different experiment design or investigation of the biological activities of extracts. However, there are few systematic academic studies involved in the mass transfer mechanism of the ultra-high pressure extraction of active ingredients from plant materials. In this project, the mass transfer mechanism of extraction processes will be investigated using experimental exploration and theoretical analysis based on Angelica sinensis root, green tea and black locust flower. In order to explore on what aspects the ultra-high pressure could significantly influence the extraction processes, the variation laws of the solubility of the active ingredients, the microscopic structure of the matrix and the diffusion coefficient of the particles under the ultra-high pressure environment will be studied. On that basis, the mathematical model of the ultra-high pressure extraction will be established through theoretical analysis to reveal the mass transfer mechanism of extraction process. This project could establish a good theoretical foundation for the construction of modern quantity control system, the optimization, the simulation, the enlargement, the forecast and adjusting of the ultra-high pressure extraction process.

随着食品安全问题的日益凸显，从天然植物中提取功能性食品添加剂和配料，逐渐成为人们关注的热点。近年来人们研究将超高压技术应用于植物有效成分的提取，研究结果表明超高压提取技术具有提取时间短、提取率高、节约溶剂、选择性好、操作温度较低可避免热敏性组分的热降解等优点。目前，该研究仅停留在采用不同的试验设计来确定不同植物有效成分的最优提取工艺条件，或研究提取物的生物学活性，对于超高压强化传质过程的机理，尚未进行深入、全面、系统的研究。本项目拟选择当归根、绿茶和槐花为研究对象，运用实验探索和理论分析方法，通过研究溶质的溶解度、扩散系数和基质微观结构在超高压环境中的变化规律，探讨超高压对提取过程的影响。在此基础上，通过理论分析建立超高压提取过程的传质数学模型，揭示提取过程的传质规律。本项目的研究可以为超高压提取技术的现代化控量提取、工艺的最优化研究和模拟放大、过程的预测和调控奠定良好的理论基础。

超高压提取技术具有提取时间短、提取率高、节约溶剂、选择性好、操作温度较低可避免热敏性组分的热降解等优点。目前对于超高压强化传质过程的机理，尚未进行深入、全面、系统的研究。本项目选择当归根、绿茶和槐花为研究对象，运用实验探索和理论分析方法，通过研究溶质的溶解度、扩散系数和基质微观结构在超高压环境中的变化规律，分析超高压对提取过程的影响。在此基础上，通过理论分析建立超高压提取过程的传质数学模型，分析提取过程的传质规律。项目研究得到的重要结果如下：. （1）采用实验和数值模拟方法阐明了超高压对溶质的溶解度、基质微观结构和扩散系数的影响规律，结果表明压力对溶质的溶解度、基质微观结构和扩散系数有较大的影响，压力越大，影响越显著，但压力对溶剂粘度没有影响。. （2）在分析压力对溶质的溶解度、基质微观结构和扩散系数影响的基础上，通过理论分析建立了超高压提取过程的传质数学模型，阐明了提取过程的传质规律。. 本项目的研究可以为超高压提取技术的现代化控量提取、工艺的最优化研究和模拟放大、过程的预测和调控奠定良好的理论基础。