广义透孢黑团壳属Massarina分类与分子系统学研究

The genus Massarina belongs to Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota. They play important roles in maintaining ecosystem balance and promoting human health. The taxonomic placements of 176 species are still confused because of the obscure protologue. Meanwhile, generic borderlines between Massarina and its allies were drawn arbitrarily, leading to difficulty to distinguish these similar genera. Thus, the descriptions of generic characters were revised by several researchers. However, different morphological characters were focused by different researchers, such as shape, colour, septum, sheath of ascospores, which resulted in different descriptions of generic characters. Obviously, the traditional morphology study is not satisfied for identification of Massarina. Fungal molecular characters, namely DNA, are more stable than morphological characters, which are not affected by conditions so that DNA data can better reflect evolution relationships of different fungal groups. The classification of Massarina could also be conducted by molecular systematics. Unfortunately, only few researchers carried out molecular systematic studies for Massarina. Summarizing the literatures, only 20 species were sequenced. Their phylogenetic studies showed that the number of heterogeneous species in Massarina was large as identified by 18 excluded species and only 2 reserved species. Another 34 species were combined in similar genera based on morphological characters. The classifications of these species are not convinced due to lack of molecular data. The rest of 122 species were also not sequenced for supporting their affiliation in Massarina.Teleomorph–anamorph connection is significant for establishing classification placement of anamorph, which is a hot topic in fungal study. Molecular systematics method, which is building phylogenetic tree, demonstrated good feasibility and validity of teleomorph–anamorph connection. Additionally, until now, only a few species of Massarina have been reported in China, indicating that the species resources are awaiting exploration. Fungal diversity is abundant in southwest of China, especially in Yunnan province due to the diversity of climate, altitude, temperature, soil and plant. Therefore, specimens will be easy to collect in this region. The aims of this study are: 1) to conduct systematic analyses base on combined data of morphological characters and multi-gene; 2) to reevaluate morphological character with phylogenetic significance of Massarina; 3) to analyze the phylogenetic relationships between Massarina and similar genera to establish a monophyletic genus; 4) to investigate the diversity of Massarina species in China. This research will provide a basic database for the identification and utilization of Massarina species and would be significant for understanding fungal diversity and enriching fungal resources of China.

透孢黑团壳属真菌Massarina是子囊菌门座囊菌纲格孢腔菌目中的重要类群，该属真菌在维持生态系统平衡及促进人类健康等方面发挥着重要作用。由于不同研究者关注的重点结构或形态不同，属内176个种分类混乱，异质种所占比例非常大，且与相似属易混淆，单一形态学的对比研究已然不能满足该属分类研究的需要。此外，该属真菌在国内仅有少数报道，其物种资源有待发掘。基于此，本项目将结合西南地区真菌资源丰富的优势，通过广泛而系统地样品采集，采用多基因片段及形态学特征相结合的多相分类方法对该属进行系统学研究，重新评估该属的分类特征，确定稳定可靠的能反映自然亲缘关系的形态特征；系统分析其属内种间和相似属间遗传演化的关系，清理异质性种类，保证该属的单系性；调查该属真菌的物种资源。本项目将为该属真菌的准确鉴定提供客观、可靠的依据，为进一步开发该属真菌资源提供数据支持，对于认识我国真菌物种多样性及资源保护具有重要意义。

透孢黑团壳属真菌是子囊菌门座囊菌纲格孢腔菌目中的重要类群，种类繁多,但由于不同研究者关注的重点结构或形态不同，属内分类混乱，单一形态学的对比研究已然不能满足该属分类研究的需要，亟需采用多基因片段及形态学特征相结合的多相分类方法对该属进行系统学研究，清理异质性种类，分析有性型–无性型的对应关系，发现并描述新的分类单元。.三年中，团队成员分别赴云南省和四川省10个样地，采集腐木标本共2304份，基本实现了预期的科研目标，并针对发现的新问题，将研究内容进行了有效的扩展。本项目主要研究内容包括：基于形态学特征和多基因序列，对广义透孢黑团壳属进行了形态学研究；分析了属内种间和相似属间遗传演化的关系；系统地研究了有性型-无性型的对应关系；调查和收集了物种新资源。基于以上研究内容，取得的主要研究结果包括：.（1）清理了一株形态疑似透孢黑团壳属的异质种，理清其分类地位，建立了一个新属Longipedicellata来容纳该株真菌；.（2）报道了无性形真菌2个新属：Aculeata和Cylindroconidiis，以及7个新种，分别是Aculeata aquatica、Chloridium aquaticum、Chloridium aseptatum、Cylindroconidiis aquaticus、Dictyochaeta aquatica、Minimelanolocus Thailand和Thysanorea aquatica，确定了它们的分类地位。同时，首次在淡水生境报道了Veronaea botryosa，极大得丰富了淡水真菌资源。.（3）新命名了9株与透孢黑团壳属形态相似的真菌，并创建了1个新目Atractosporales，6个新科，分别是Atractosporaceae，Barbatosphaeriaceae，Conlariaceae，Lentomitellaceae，Pseudoproboscisporaceae和Woswasiaceae；.在本项目的支持下，研究团队发表SCI期刊论文5篇，其中1篇发表在《Fungal Diversity》上（影响因子13.465），以上研究结果为该属真菌的准确鉴定提供客观、可靠的依据，对于认识我国真菌物种多样性及资源保护具有重要意义。