浸矿体系固液作用机制及其调控原理

In view of the low permeability and low leaching rate of the low grade metal ore heap leaching process, aiming at promoting the solid-liquid interaction of leaching system, comprehensively applying multi-subject knowledge, such as seepage mechanics, rock mechanics, surface chemistry and physical chemistry, the project mainly carried out the following research work. (1) With high speed camera, stereo vision system and electron microscope scanning, wetting property of the solution on the surface of the ore was quantitatively characterized, erosion mechanism of the solution on the ore surface was analyzed and the response mechanism of the surface morphology and wetting property of the ore to the leaching process was revealed. (2) The main factors affecting the contact of ore and solution were studied, chemical processes such as mineral dissolution and solute precipitation were discussed, the transfer law of solute at the solid-liquid interface was discovered and the feedback mechanism of solid-liquid interaction on leaching process was proved. (3) A coupling model of wetting, seepage flow and mass transfer reaction in the heap leaching system was established, the ore leaching and solution seepage flow were simulated with numerical analysis software and the spatial distribution characteristics of the parameters such as solute concentration, solution flow velocity, interfacial tension and so on were proved. (4) The key factors affecting the solid-liquid interaction and their impact levels were determined and the control measures to optimize the leaching environment were put forward based on the simulation results. This project will enrich the basic theory of solution mining and promote the progress of leaching mining technology of metal ore.

项目针对低品位金属矿浸出过程存在渗透性差、浸出率低等技术难题，以促进浸矿体系固液作用为目的，综合运用渗流力学、散体动力学、表面化学和物理化学等多学科知识，主要开展以下研究工作：（1）应用高速摄像机、体视学显微系统和电镜扫描等手段，量化表征溶液在矿石表面的润湿性能，分析溶液对矿石表面的侵蚀机理，揭示矿石表面形貌及润湿性能对浸出过程的响应机制。（2）研究影响矿石与溶液接触的主要因素，探讨矿物溶解、溶质沉淀等化学作用过程，揭示溶质在固液界面的传递规律，探明固液作用对浸出过程的反馈机制。（3）建立浸矿体系润湿-渗流-传质-反应的耦合模型，利用数值分析软件对矿石浸出和溶液渗流进行模拟分析，探明溶质浓度、溶液渗流速度、界面张力等参数的空间分布特征。（4）确定影响固液作用的关键因子及其影响水平，基于模拟验证结果，提出优化浸出环境的调控措施。本项目将丰富溶浸采矿基础理论，推动金属矿溶浸开采技术的进步。

溶浸采矿是处理我国低品位复杂金属矿产资源的重要技术手段，但是，浸矿过程溶液渗透性差严重制约矿石浸出率和浸出速率的提高。为揭示浸矿体系固液作用机制及其与化学反应耦合机制，项目主要开展了以下工作：.（1）开展了矿石试件的浸出实验，分析了溶液对矿石表面的侵蚀作用，探讨了矿石表面形貌及润湿性能对化学反应的响应机制，研究了浸出过程中溶液流动规律及溶质传递规律。.（2）分析了在矿堆内部矿石与溶液的固液接触形式，研究了影响矿石与溶液接触的主要因素，探究了在毛细管力、表面张力、渗透压力、矿岩应力作用下固液两相的物理作用过程，阐释了浸出反应生成物和反应物在固液界面处的传递规律，探讨了固液相互作用对矿石浸出过程的反馈机制。.（3）研究了浸出过程中矿石与溶液的受力情况及相互作用关系，构建了浸矿体系润湿-渗流-传质-反应的耦合模型，描述了溶质浓度、溶液渗流速度、孔隙压力梯度、固液界面张力等参数的空间分布特征。.（4）研究了矿石浸出过程中各变量对浸出结果的影响水平，提出了优化浸出环境的调控措施。.项目研究成果可为改善矿堆溶液渗透效果、提高有用矿物浸出速率和浸出率提供理论支撑，对促进我国浸矿技术的推广应用具有重要意义。