肉座菌科真菌系统发育基因组学研究

Hypocreaceae is an important group in Ascomycota. They are valuable biological resources with high species diversity and a broad range of lifestyles. Some of them have already been used in agriculture and industry. As phylogeny of the family is concerned, many unsolved problems exist, such as clarifying relationships among genera, establishment of reasonable generic concepts, and taxonomic positions of some species. This project is aimed at using genome information of 40 species in 10 genera of the family to solve some of the above problems. In addition to the published genome data, the proposed study is going to sequence genomes of 30 strains belonging to 25 species by Illumina-Solexa technology, assemble the genomes, predict genes and establish an information-rich local database. By phylogenomic analyses, clear generic concepts will be redefined, and relationships among genera and species will be verified. Genome-wide comparative analysis will also aid exploration of genes in relation to mycoparasitism of the hypocreaceous fungi like Hypomyces and Trichoderma. The results will lead to understanding species evolution of a genus from the view of functional genes. Fulfillment of the proposed project will not only provide data for fungal phylogenomics and lay a foundation for optimization of current taxonomy system of Hypocreaceae, but also be beneficial to improving our knowledge of fungal speciation and biocontrol potential and applications.

肉座菌科是重要的可再生自然资源，物种多样性丰富，分布广泛，其中少数具有菌寄生性的种类已为人类所用。该科目前缺乏系统性研究，部分属的概念、系统发育地位及属间关系不清晰，部分种的归属有待澄清。肉座菌科是研究真菌系统发育和探讨菌生真菌寄生性的理想材料。本项目拟对肉座菌科25种30个菌株进行基因组de novo测序、基因组拼接和基因预测，建立科级水平的本地基因组数据库，通过系统发育基因组学分析，建立该科清晰的属级概念、澄清重要属、种的系统发育地位；通过比较基因组学研究，对重寄生性相关的基因家族进行分析，揭示菌寄生属和木霉属中与寄生性相关的关键基因，认识它们对物种重寄生能力的影响；从中选取部分功能基因，构建上述两个属的系统发育树，从菌生真菌寄生性的角度探讨属内种间演化规律。研究结果将完善肉座菌科现行的分类系统，为真菌资源利用奠定基础，为探索物种分化与形成机制和生防资源的高效发掘提供科学依据。

对子囊菌门10纲41目72个代表种进行系统发育基因组学分析，鉴定出与菌寄生性相关的几丁质酶基因，探讨几丁质酶的种类、数目与菌寄生性的关系。结果显示：在数量方面，随着物种系统演化地位上升，几丁质酶的数量逐渐增加、种类发生改变，其中Group B和Group C在不同分类单元中数量差异显著，在子囊菌演化过程中发生多次扩张与收缩。在功能方面，Group A主要参与细胞基本生理代谢过程，Group B的扩张与子囊菌的菌寄生能力相关，Group C的扩张与寄主的广谱性有关。此外，不同物种几丁质酶的扩张和收缩与其营养方式密切相关，尤其是在菌寄生性演化过程中发挥着决定性作用。研究结果初步明确了与菌寄生性相关的几丁质酶基因在子囊菌门的演化进程，为菌寄生真菌的生物防治机理提供理论依据。.多次开展真菌补点资源调查，采集肉座菌类标本700余份，将形态学、解剖学、培养特性与DNA序列信息相结合进行综合分析，发表19个新种，报道16个中国新记录种，显著提高了对我国该类真菌物种多样性的认知。.评价木霉属22种81个菌株对Fusarium graminearum、F. oxysporum、Neocosmospora rubicola、Phytophthora nicotianae和Rhizoctonia solani等植病菌的拮抗能力，筛选到部分拮抗能力较强的木霉菌株，为生防机理研究提供科学依据，也为生防菌剂开发提供种质资源。.发表署名项目编号的研究论文14篇。项目执行期间培养研究生4名，其中3名已毕业。