煤矿井下磁化与表面活性剂协同增效的活性磁化水降尘机理研究

For the poor dust control effect problems of water spray underground coal mines, especially in terms of the highly hydrophobic and small-size respirable dust, the innovative method utilizing surfactant-magnetized water produced by the synergistic interaction between magnetization and surfactant to effectively control dust was proposed. The project will study the effect of magnetized intensity and magnetic time on the properties of surfactant solution such as surface tension, critical micelle concentration, viscosity, etc. and the dynamic change characteristics of the microscopic molecular structure of solution; and developed a kind of low-cost surfactant inducing the strong synergetic effects with magnetization. All these will be done to reveal the action mechanism of improving the ability of solution wetting dust by the synergy between magnetization and surfactant. The space distribution characteristics of magnetic field was investigated under the condition of the spiral and pulsing magnetization, and it was studied that magnetic path and pitch generated the influence on the perturbation characteristics of surfactant solution, then the effective magnetic device used to magnetize the surfactant solution was designed. And the water flow velocity and flow field distribution features in the spiral propulsion process of magnetic device were also studied, as well as the energy conversion and physical-chemical characteristics change. Then the effective magnetization mechanism of surfactant solution was proposed on the basis of the spiral vortex. The wetting and coalescence relationship between the characteristics and space distribution of the fog droplets of surfactant-magnetized water and respirable dust was researched, and then the spray controlling dust model of surfactant-magnetized water applied in the mining space underground coal mines was also built up. The achievements can provide the important scientific gist and theoretical basis for the effective dust suppression of surfactant-magnetized water, especially in terms of respirable dust.

针对煤矿井下水喷雾降尘效果不佳，尤其是对粒径小、疏水性强的呼吸性粉尘降尘效率差的难题，提出了利用磁化与表面活性剂协同增效的活性磁化水进行降尘的创新思路。本项目研究磁场强度、磁化时间对表面活性剂溶液的表面张力、临界胶束浓度和粘度等性能参数的影响以及溶液分子结构的动态改变特性，研发能与磁场磁化具有较强协同效果的低成本活性剂，揭示磁化与活性剂协同提高溶液湿润粉尘性能的机理；研究螺旋脉动切割磁化条件下磁场空间分布特征以及磁程和螺距对活性剂溶液扰动特性的影响，研发活性水高效磁化装置；研究溶液在磁化装置螺旋推进过程中的水流速度及流场分布特征、能量转换及理化参数变化特性，提出螺旋扰流的活性水高效磁化机制；研究活性磁化水雾场液滴特性及空间分布与呼吸性粉尘润湿凝并的关系，建立活性磁化水井下采掘空间雾化降尘理论模型。项目研究成果可为活性磁化水高效防治煤矿粉尘尤其是呼尘提供重要的科学依据和理论基础。

随着采掘机械化及智能化开采水平的不断提高，煤矿井下粉尘灾害也日趋严峻，严重威胁着井下职工身心健康及煤矿安全生产。为了实现矿井粉尘的高效防治，针对煤尘疏水性强、水喷雾湿润凝并粉尘不佳的难题，本项目提出了活性磁化水高效降尘技术。采用理论分析、实验室试验、数值模拟相结合的方法，研究了磁化对溶液微观分子结构的动态改变特性，研发了能与磁化具有较强协同作用的低成本活性剂，揭示了磁场磁化与表面活性剂协同增效的活性磁化水润湿粉尘机理；研究分析了磁化方式、磁场强度、磁程及穿过磁场的水流速度对活性磁化水湿润性能的影响规律，探明了活性磁化水高效制备所需的最佳磁化参数，提出了基于脉动切割与螺旋扰流耦合作用的高效磁化方法，并研发了活性磁化水高效磁化装置，实现了强湿润性活性磁化水高效制备，相对于未磁化活性剂溶液，制备得到的活性磁化水接触角从34.21°降低至23.97°，降低幅度达到了29.93%，大幅提高了溶液湿润粉尘的性能；研究了井下采掘空间多喷嘴喷射与喷嘴孔径、雾化角等结构参数对溶液喷雾流场特性的影响，揭示了煤矿井下采掘空间活性磁化水雾分布规律与降尘特性，构建了适用于煤矿井下粉尘防治的活性磁化水喷雾雾化技术体系，实现了对综采（掘）面主要产尘点水雾覆盖。项目研究成果可为活性磁化水高效防治煤矿粉尘尤其是呼吸尘提供重要的科学依据和理论基础。本项目在研究期间，在国内外学术期刊上发表学术论文11篇（SCI收录9篇，EI收录2篇），授权国家发明专利4件，获得科技奖励1项，培养研究生4人（其中博士1人，硕士3人）。