活性污泥内聚物驱动反硝化微生物代谢机理及过程控制

Organic carbon source deficiency is still one of the core problems for nutrient removal in an activated sludge system. When microorganisms in this system cultivated through alternative famine/feast period, a metabolic response of microorganisms can be induced to accumulate / decompose cell energy storage polymers with the existence of external carbon source. Based upon this fact, the applicant intends to couple the removal process of nitrogen with the removal of organic pollutants, during which some parts of organic carbon can be converted and accumulated in the form of cell polymers, subsequently, those cell polymers were used as electron donor for denitrification process, thus realize a denitrification process driven by cell polymers. ..The process could be expected to solve the problem of the lack of carbon source for biological denitrification, and meanwhile could reduce the energy consumption as some of organic matters has been converted, which was of great application potential...To start some basic research concerning the mentioned above, an integration technology of multi-disciplinary theory and analysis methods for wastewater treatment engineering, microbiology and biochemistry might be employed, and our main objectivies are to explore the formation and types of cell polymer related to different organic carbon source, and to investigate the process characteristics and response of microbial metabolism, as well as metabolic coupling mechanism of cell polymer formation / decomposition and nitrogen removal...The conditions for cell polymer-driven denitrification will be also optimized, and a model for the process constructed. ..With the research efforts on those, a further understanding could be realized, which would make contributions for and enrich the existing theory of biological nitrogen removal, and provide fundmental knowledge for potential engineering applications.

碳源缺乏是目前困扰城市污水处理脱氮除磷的核心问题之一。外碳源丰富-贫乏的污水运行模式可诱导微生物产生体内储能聚合物积累/分解的代谢响应。申请人拟将这一代谢行为与污水中氮的去除偶联，使其中的部分有机物通过细胞体内聚合物过量累积以去除，累积的聚合物进一步作为后续反硝化电子供体，从而实现细胞聚合物驱动的反硝化生物脱氮。该过程有望解决生物脱氮碳源缺乏的问题，还可同步降低去除有机物所需能耗，因而极具应用潜力。课题拟对这一过程开展基础科学研究，融合水处理工程学、微生物学及生物化学等多学科的理论与分析方法，探寻细胞聚合物形成模式及形成种类与碳源类型的关系，研究该过程微生物代谢特征及响应、细胞聚合物形成/分解与氮元素去除的代谢偶联机制，获得细胞聚合物驱动反硝化的优化控制条件，并建立定量表达的脱氮预测模型。通过揭示微生物内聚物驱动反硝化的作用机制，丰富现有的生物脱氮理论，并为进一步工程应用提供科学依据。

外碳源丰富-贫乏的污水运行模式可诱导微生物产生细胞内储能聚合物的累积/分解的代谢相应。本项目将微生物储能代谢与污水中氮的去除进行偶联，使污水中的有机物主要通过细胞内聚合物的过量积累来去除，并将积累的聚合物作为后续反硝化的电子供体，实现细胞聚合物驱动后反硝化过程。此过程不仅能解决反硝化需投加外碳源的问题，同时减少有机物去除时的能量消耗，大大降低脱氮成本，极具应用潜力。在课题组全体成员的共同努力下，我们按项目任务书的要求，融合水处理工程学、微生物学及生物化学等多学科的理论与分析方法，围绕研究任务开展工作，取得了一系列重要的成果：研究了细胞聚合物的形成种类与碳源类型的关系；研究了实现细胞内聚物驱动后反硝化的控制条件和基质的代谢途径；分析了细胞聚合物驱动后反硝化过程中物质能量代谢过程与污水中氮元素转移的偶联规律；分析了聚合物驱动后反硝化系统中的储能微生物、脱氮微生物和除磷微生物特征及与系统反硝化脱氮除磷效果之间的关系。本项目研究成果揭示了微生物以体内储存的聚合物来驱动反硝化过程的作用机制，丰富了现有的生物脱氮除磷理论，并为日后的工程设计提供了必要的理论基础。