支持IPv6和物联网大规模应用的低功耗多跳自组传感网无冲突传输技术

The Internet of Things and wireless sensor networks are widely used in our daily life today. The Personal Area Network (PAN) standard IEEE 802.15.4 beacon enabled mode supports low power consumption wireless communication. But it cannot solve the problem of severe collisions in beacon broadcast and data communication in large scale multi-hop networks. In the applications of 6lowPAN/IPv6, it is a big challenge to meet the requirements of low power consumption and short end-to-end delay at the same time, which is the main bottleneck in the application of Internet of things and IP networks...We propose a framework based on IEEE 802.15.4 compatible networks, which includes the technologies of virtual coordinators, distributed schedule mechanism for superframes, the technology of Low Power Listening (LPL) and wakeup radio, to achieve the self-organize of collision-free single hop or multi-hop networks. It will support low duty cycle low power consumption networks with different traffics including uplink, downlink and peer-to-peer communications. It will also support low end-to-end delay low power consumption networks for 6lowPAN/IPv6 applications to visit any IPv6 node in real time. It will provide theoretical analysis, simulations and testbed platforms for these technologies， including an Electronic Shelf Label system, and a nuclear plant environment monitoring system.

物联网时代大规模传感网的应用前景广阔。但支持低功耗多跳传感网的传输协议标准还很不完善。多跳传感器网络由于缺乏中央控制器，维持网络同步的成本极高，并存在严重的信标冲突和传输冲突问题，导致传输的不可靠性。对于支持IPv6访问的节点，目前采用全时侦听以实现低延时实时访问，导致电池供电节点寿命低于3个月，成为物联网大规模应用的主要瓶颈。.本项目在兼容IEEE 802.15.4信标使能模式下，利用虚拟协调器技术，分布式超帧时段自动分配，低功耗侦听和唤醒射频技术，将实现单个协调器可连接海量子节点，及大规模传感网自组无冲突的多跳传输。并支持6lowPAN/IPv6应用，实现对IPv6节点的低延时实时访问，将低功耗IPv6节点的寿命从3个月提高到2年以上。为IPv6时代大规模传感网标准的制定和改进提供理论依据，并建立低维护成本的商场电子货价标签系统、核电站环境实时监测系统大规模传感网两个示范平台。

在物联网已具备大规模应用的环境下，本项目主要研究大规模传感网自组无冲突的单跳和多跳传输，实现单个协调器可连接海量子节点，支持低功耗网络下的无冲突传输，和低传输延时的IEEE 802.15.4/6lowPAN/IPv6应用。并对IEEE 802.15.4 2012e 协议进行改进，大幅减少了无冲突自组网的组网时间和碰撞次数。完成多跳自组无冲突无线传感器低功耗节点样机和系统的研制，包括原型系统设备，无线传感网节点、网关和后台管理软件等。在大亚湾核电站完成核辐射环境监测系统的搭建和测试，通过了核环境下的样机测试和大亚湾核电站的系统验收，实现在10平方公里范围内通过多跳传感网监测伽马射线辐射剂量并实时报警。无线传感器节点工作寿命达到3年以上。传感器网络信号传输稳定，抗干扰能力强，可在辐射环境下正常工作。