川金丝猴的等级识别与受孕认知研究

Social cognition is an ability of social animal to adapt to the complex and changeable environment, and to understand themselves, others and society. It is helpful to promote the intelligent distribution of advantage resources, to improve the survival adaptability of the individual, and enhance the social organization of the group. We are concerned which cognitive behavior strategy will be adopted to maximize benefits. But so far, the research on how to recognize the social rank and pregnancy status in the Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys has not yet been carried out. By attracting monkeys via feeding, we will observe individuals closely. Based on individual identification and hierarchical relationships, we selected six one-male units (OMUs) of provisioned Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys as targets. By collecting data on some motivational behaviors (such as yield, aggression support, mating, grooming), and on the social behaviors differences before and after the rank change and copulation, we examined the cognitive behavioral characteristics of dominance rank and pregnant and the co-variation relationship of social behaviors, at the Dapingyu scenic spot in the Guanyinshan Nature Reserve on the south slope of Qinling Mountains, China. We examine whether cognitive disorder theory and associative models is applicable to this species. Furthermore, we attempt to determine the more useful cognitive behavioral strategy employed to maximize benefits in this monkeys. Ultimately, the research will address problems associated with the theory of natural selection about the evolution of primates regarding the social cognition, and explore the relationship between social phenomenon and individual psychology. The findings will also contribute to the development and improvement of the combined research between social behavior and cognitive psychology in Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys, as well as more in-depth understanding of the cognitive behavioral strategies. The results will help to provide a scientific basis for the creation of a management scheme for animal feeding and breeding departments housing Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys and ecological tourism.

社会认知是群居动物适应复杂环境和社会生活的能力体现，致力于理解自身、他人与社会。认知的存在，有利于促进利益分配的智能优化，增强群体的社会组织性，能够实现资源优化配置的行为认知策略是我们十分关心的问题。但迄今为止，川金丝猴是如何进行社会地位与受孕状态等基础认知的却不清楚。通过投食招引可近距离观察猴群，在个体识别和等级判定的基础上，我们对分布于秦岭观音山自然保护区颜家沟猴群一雄多雌单元（OMU）个体的取代、和解、攻击支持、邀配等动机性行为及声音与面部表情观察，对比等级变化结点和有效交配时间点前后的行为差异，判定个体的等级识别和受孕认知能力，总结不同个体社会行为的共变关系及其认知行为特点，验证并行-限制-满意模型和认知失调理论，揭示川金丝猴社会进化中的行为认知策略，回答与社会认知有关的理论问题，探索社会现象和个体心理的关系，促进非人灵长类研究领域中社会行为学与认知心理学的发展与完善。

社会认知是群居动物适应复杂环境和社会生活的能力体现，致力于理解自身、他人和社会。灵长类作为动物界进化最为高等的类群，其认知能力促进利益分配的智能优化，加强群体的社会组织性。迄今为止，研究发现灵长类的等级地位和受孕状况是决定社群稳定和种群繁衍最受关注的行为类型。川金丝猴常以数百只成群而居，其中一雄多雌单元是其社会组织的基本单元，单元间雄性和单元内成年雌性间存在等级关系。这种社群结构和等级关系的存在，不仅限制着雌性和主雄的交配与繁殖机会，而且迫使雌性的资源获取存有等级差异，但它们是如何识别自身与他人等级地位？主雄如何辨识成年雌性是否受孕？人们并不清楚。通过本项目野外艰苦的跟踪观察，应用卫星项圈跟踪定位，结合不同等级雌性的生育时间与交配实现率存在差异等实际问题，我们逐步摸清了川金丝猴等级识别与受孕认知的行为策略。发现川金丝猴拥有辨识自身和他人等级地位与受孕状况的能力，并能凭借这种认知能力调整自身的社会行为以及资源的获取策略，明确了认知行为的特点及其功能意义，回答了与社会认知有关的理论问题，探索了行为现象与内在心理的关系，促进非人灵长类研究领域中社会行为学与认知心理学的发展与完善。.研究成果发表在著名期刊Current Zoology、Zoological Research、Global Ecology and Conservation等刊物上，被CCTV-13、科学网、陕西日报等知名媒体予以报道。