光敏剂姜黄素介导的光动力抑菌机制研究

Postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables has caused serious economic loss and resources wasting phenomenon in the previous years and pose the serious problems worldwide. The pathogen infection leads to fruits and vegetables decay which is a major cause of the deterioration of fresh fruits and vegetables quality. Therefore, finding the new safety, less toxic and highly efficient antibacterial technology serves as a hotspot for international food science research. Modern biological photon technology based on the photosensitization of visible light stimulates the photosensitizer. Under the aerobic condition, cell toxicity reaction induced the selective target microbial apoptosis, which can be used as an effective strategy for the prevention and control of fruits and vegetables postharvest pathogen infection. Based on our laboratory research, the current project is designed to take penicillium, one kind of fruit and vegetable pathogens, as the research object, using multi-disciplinary knowledge (cell biology, biochemistry, microbiology and molecular biology) and combining with omics analysis methods, for the evaluation of curcumin-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial efficacy, and analyzing the main targets loci of penicillium by photodynamic antimicrobial technologies, and also illuminating the corresponding antibacterial mechanism. The findings may reveal the important bacteriostatic regularity of photodynamic non-thermal antibacterial technology which would provide important theoretical basis for new antibacterial targets, as well as safe, economical and efficient methods, and lay a foundation for the development of environmentally friendly technology for fruits and vegetables.

果蔬采后病害所造成的严重经济损失和资源浪费现象，是世界性的突出问题，其中病原菌侵染导致果蔬腐烂是新鲜果蔬品质恶化的主要因素，寻找新型、安全、低毒、高效的抗菌技术是目前国际上食品科学的研究热点。基于光敏化的现代生物光子技术，以可见光光能激发光敏剂，在氧气存在条件下引发细胞氧化应激反应，选择性诱导靶微生物凋亡，可作为防治果蔬采后病菌侵染的有效策略。在本实验室的研究基础上，本项目提出以果蔬病原真菌为研究对象，拟利用细胞生物学、生物化学、微生物学和分子生物学等多学科知识与手段，结合组学分析技术，评价姜黄素为光敏剂介导的光动力抑菌功效，解析光动力抑菌技术针对果蔬病原真菌的主要靶标作用位点，阐明相应的抑菌机制。本项目内容符合农产品贮藏主要研究方向，研究结果对揭示光动力非热抑菌技术的抑菌规律有重要意义，为新的抑菌靶标提供重要的理论依据，同时也为安全、经济、高效、环保型果蔬保鲜技术的开发应用奠定基础。

果蔬采后病害腐烂是一个全球性的棘手问题，巨大的经济损失和资源浪费现象在发展中国家尤为突出，其中最重要的诱因是病原菌的滋生与蔓延。因此，基于经济和社会发展的迫切需求，亟需针对重要的果蔬病原菌，寻求绿色、高效的防控技术，保证我国果蔬农产品产业的健康可持续发展。. 基于光敏化效应的现代光动力抑菌技术，可以有效抑制体外耐药性细菌、酵母、病毒和寄生虫的生长，并具有高效、抗性低、安全、环保等优势，是防治果蔬采后病菌侵染的有效策略。本项目在国家自然科学基金的资助下，针对光敏剂姜黄素介导的光动力抑菌机制研究开展系列研究，项目以果蔬病原真菌（扩展青霉）为研究对象，建立了光敏化姜黄素抑菌保鲜体系，获得了姜黄素光动力技术的抑菌效价；明确了细胞膜是该技术发挥抑菌功效的主要靶标作用位点；证明了光动力通过诱导扩展青霉孢子细胞内大量ROS的产生和积累，激活抗氧化防御酶及非酶系统的响应，最终因脂质过氧化和蛋白质羰基化引发细胞内氧化失衡；最终阐明了光动力抑菌机制是通过短/长光照时间以诱导凋亡和坏死两种模式实现对扩展青霉孢子生长抑制作用。此外，在完成既定目标的基础上，进一步拓展考察了水果光动力贮藏保鲜新方法应用的可行性。本项目内容符合农产品贮藏主要研究方向，研究结果为安全、经济、高效、环保型非热光动力果蔬保鲜技术的开发应用奠定基础。