Gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based DNA biosensors have been developed in recent years to detect DNA for simple and rapid diagnosis in clinical samples. However, complexity, insufficient sensitivity, poor stability, low precision, or high noise still exist for DNA biosensors reported up to now; therefore limit their practical widespread applications. This proposal focuses on using hairpin DNA (hpDNA) as a novel biobar-code, covalently and at a high ratio, attached on the AuNP label of a sandwitch DNA biosensor on a gold electrode. Electrochemical signal molecules are intercalated into the hpDNAs thereafter. The characteristics of this novel DNA sensor include: (1) High number of hpDNA molecules are modified on each AuNP; (2) Multiple signal molecules are intercalated into each hpDNA chain; (3) The intercalation binding mode possesses high binding affinity, therefore can differentiate double-stranded DNA from single-stranded DNA; (4) The bound signal molecules are detected directly. Therefore, the novel DNA biosensor should possess advantageous application properties such as excellent sensitivity, high specificity, easiness and rapidness, good stability, and low noise. The electrochemical DNA biosensor will be optimized and applied to detect the specific DNA sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in this study.
最近,基于金纳米粒子(AuNP)的DNA传感器被研究用于临床样品的简单快速检测。但目前报道的DNA传感器尚存在或步骤繁琐、灵敏度不够高、稳定性低、精密度低、或空白背景大等缺点。本研究提出a)采用发夹式DNA(hpDNA)作为一种新型生物条码在AuNP标记上高度修饰;b)基于该新型AuNP标记在金电极上组装夹心结构DNA传感器;c)在每条hpDNA分子的碱基对层间插入多个电化学或电化学发光信号分子。该设计中,①每个AuNP上修饰多条hpDNA;②每条hpDNA上插入结合多个信号分子;③插入方式结合力强,可特异性分辨单双链DNA;④信号分子在DNA传感器上不经释放直接进行检测。因而该DNA传感器预计具有灵敏度高、特异性强、简便快捷、稳定性好、空白背景小等优点。本研究将优化并采用该新型DNA传感器检测结核分枝杆菌的特异性DNA片段。
本研究采用发夹式DNA(hpDNA)作为一种新型生物条码,与报告探针(rpDNA)一起在AuNP上高度修饰,在金电极上固定捕获探针(cpDNA)后组装(hpDNA/AuNP/rpDNA)/tDNA/cpDNA三明治结构,将[Ru(NH3)5L]2+ [L:3-(2-(菲-9-基)乙烯基吡啶]作为电化学信号指示剂,与该三明治结构中的双链 DNA(包括hpDNA)嵌入结合,检测幽门螺杆菌Helicobacter pylori的UreaB序列DNA片段。研究结果表明: [Ru(NH3)5L]2+ 与hpDNA以嵌入模式结合,结合常数Ka = 3.26×104 M-1。合成的hpDNA/AuNP/rpDNA纳米粒子高度分散,尺寸分布均匀(平均直径约13 ± 1 nm),以hpDNA:rpDNA:AuNP = 600:60:1投料比合成时,hpDNA/AuNP/rpDNA纳米粒子上hpDNA:rpDNA:AuNP = 144:35:1。以该投料比得到的hpDNA/AuNP/rpDNA纳米粒子组装的DNA传感器检测灵敏度最佳。当rpDNA与AuNP之间的桥联T碱基数目为15时得到的DNA传感器较桥联T碱基数目为10时明显提高。最佳条件下该DNA电化学传感器对UreaB序列tDNA片段的最低检测极限为1 × 10-15 M (即 1 fM) (信噪比=2), 达到了生理样品中DNA的水平;在2 × 10-15 M浓度值以上呈线性关系(线性回归系数为0.973);对非互补DNA的响应信号非常小,与空白样品相同;对单碱基错配靶DNA的响应信号是对tDNA响应信号的1/4。该DNA传感器由于AuNP上高密度的hpDNA生物条码;每条hpDNA上可嵌入多个信号分子;信号分子的嵌入结合方式可特异性分辨单双链DNA等因素,因而具有灵敏度高、特异性强、简便快捷、稳定性好、空白背景小等优点。对金电极进行纳米修饰应该可进一步提高检测灵敏度,目前该工作正在进行中。该基于hpDNA新型生物条码的DNA传感方法可为发展用于分析、环境、医学诊断等领域的直接、简单、可重复、灵敏、特异的DNA传感器提供一个通用平台。该研究圆满完成了计划目标,在Analytical Chemistry期刊发表论文2篇,在Nanotechnology期刊发表论文1篇,获中国发明专利授权1项,参加国内学术会议两次。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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