尾矿库尾砂细观相互作用机理及失稳数值仿真方法研究

The tailings dam failure is the main type of tailing reservoir operation, the current design and safety standards are used in the traditional limit equilibrium method, it is difficult to judge the degree of stability of tailings dam science. The whole nation still has 13000 of the tailings is a major hazard. Therefore, a thorough study of tailing dam instability evolution mechanism and numerical simulation method, improvement of tailings dam stability design basis and criteria, to improve the tailing reservoir in China security level and scientific assessment of tailings dam stability is very important. This research plans to use the survey statistics, theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, centrifuge and field test methods, and strive to in the tailings dam deformation fine mechanics mechanism, based on the theory of granular flow instability evolution, loss of stability numerical simulation method and stability of dam design standard and evaluation method etc. a breakthrough. Establishment of ore tailing particles flow contact force of the experimental model and deformation test method, proposed structural deformation of the evolution and deformation mechanism of ore tailing particles flow; establishment of tailings dam based on discrete element lost steady numerical simulation method and the development of calculation program; proposed in sliding arc hypothesis and the stability of the dam design standard; established based on the theory of stability of dam safety evaluation method of particle flow; the results are applied to the design and safety assessment of high 260m the Jiama copper polymetallic ore tailings.

尾矿坝失稳破坏是尾矿库运行的主要灾害类型，目前现行设计和安全标准均采用传统的极限平衡方法，难以科学判断尾矿坝稳定程度。全国尚有1.3万座尾矿库是重大危险源，因此深入研究尾矿坝失稳演化机理和数值仿真方法，改进尾矿坝坝体稳定性设计依据和评判准则，对于提高我国尾矿库安全保障水平，科学地评估尾矿坝稳定状态具有重要意义。本项研究拟采用调研统计、理论分析、数值计算、离心机和现场试验等手段，力求在尾矿坝变形细观力学机理基于颗粒流理论的失稳演化规律、失稳过程数值仿真方法及坝体稳定设计标准和评价方法等方面有所突破。建立尾矿砂颗粒流接触力规律研究的实验模型及形变测试方法，提出尾矿砂颗粒流到结构形变的演化规律和变形机制；建立基于离散元的尾矿坝失稳过程数值仿真方法并开发计算程序；提出不进行滑弧假设的坝体稳定设计标准；建立基于颗粒流理论的坝体稳定评价方法；将成果应用于260m高的甲玛铜尾矿库的设计和安全评价。

尾矿坝失稳破坏是尾矿库运行的主要灾害类型，全国尚有8000余座尾矿库是重大危险源，因此深入研究尾矿坝失稳演化机理和数值仿真方法，改进尾矿坝坝体稳定性设计依据和评判准则，对于提高我国尾矿库安全保障水平，科学地评估尾矿坝稳定状态具有重要意义。本项研究采用调研统计、理论分析、数值计算、溃坝试验等手段，在统计全球较大尾矿库事故及成因的基础上，综合分析提出了尾矿坝失稳致灾因素；研究了尾砂颗粒相互作用试验机理，开展了微观条件下尾矿库边坡稳定性系数与抗剪强度之间的变化规律分析；搭建了离散元法尾矿库边坡稳定性仿真模型，并通过运用强度折减原理进行坝体失稳分析，研究了微观条件下不进行滑弧假设的坝体稳定性变化规律及失稳演化过程；研究了尾矿库小比尺溃坝模型实验技术，通过开展溃坝试验，对建立的尾矿坝失稳破坏数值仿真模型和计算程序进行验证；研究了采用高密度电阻率法对尾矿库坝体及坝址开展无损探测技术；将上述成果应用于首云矿业和尚峪尾矿库的设计和安全评价。并在已有的尾矿库重大风险评估平台中，应用稳定性计算方法和溃坝淹没范围计算方法开展风险评估，为开展汛期尾矿库灾害预警奠定了基础。