食品组学技术在食品溯源分析和掺假鉴别中的应用

With the liberalization of world food trade, the economic system of food market in our country has been becoming mature, but the imperfect standard system and quality control system for food seriously affected the international trade of agricultural products and food. And the problems on food safety caused by food adulteration pose a risk to people’s health and life. The quality control and food safety have attracted more and more attention from both the manufacturers and the public. Based on the guiding ideology of foodomics, we proposed the development of fast, sensitive and reliable nuclear magnetic resonance technique to detect and quantify the various components in honey, milk and cooking oil with the help of HPLC-MS technique for the trace components. Pattern recognition techniques based on multivariate statistical analysis are also integrated to establish the mathematical models to functionalize the classification of the botanical, geographical or animal origins, production styles or storage time of honey, milk and cooking oil, and the detailed information about their componential variations can be derived from the different origins. Finally, an accurate expert system for automatic recognition of honey, milk and cooking oil adulterations will be established. Such a strategy will provide a feasible and stable skill for quality control, monitoring and detection of adulteration of food, further serves the management of food safety and people’s health.

随着世界食品贸易的自由化，我国食品市场经济体制日趋成熟，但食品标准体系和质量控制体系不完善的问题严重影响了农产品和食品的国际贸易。而食品掺假现象造成的食品安全问题也给人民群众的健康和生命安全带来威胁。针对这些问题，我们在食品组学思想指导下，拟发展快速灵敏可靠的核磁共振检测方法与准确定量分析技术，结合低含量成分的色谱-质谱检测技术，以三种与人们生活密切相关的食品-蜂蜜、液态乳和食用油为研究对象，对样本中的营养成分进行组成模式及定量分析，并结合以多变量统计分析为基础的模式识别技术，建立可以对食品来源、产地、生产方式和贮存时间等进行溯源分析的数学模型，并了解不同因素对食品成分组成变化带来的影响，最终建立可以对食品掺假行为进行快速、准确、自动鉴别的专家系统。本项目的实施对于食品的质量控制系统建立、监控和检测食品掺假、加强食品安全管理及保障人民群众健康等都具有重要的现实意义。

本项目围绕与人们生活密切相关的食品（包括食用油、蜂蜜、液态乳、运动饮料、柑橘水果等）的成分分析为主线，以核磁共振技术为主结合色谱等技术，发展了快速灵敏可靠的核磁共振检测方法与准确定量分析技术，对样本中的营养成分进行了组成模式及定量分析，从而建立了不同来源食物样本的质量控制的核磁共振指纹数据库。进而结合以多变量统计分析为基础的模式识别技术，建立了可对食品来源、产地、生产方式和贮存时间等各因素进行溯源分析的模型，并了解不同因素对食品成分组成变化带来的影响，最终建立了开放、共享、质量稳定、重现性好的适合食品质量控制系统和掺假鉴别的快速、准确、灵敏的自动识别专家系统。本项目的实施对食品的质量控制系统建立、优质食品的原产地和品牌保护、食品的质量检测（如掺假检测和溯源分析）、加强食品安全管理及保障人民群众健康等都具有重要的现实意义。