氧化石墨烯强化植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤及其机理研究

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in soil have become one of the seriously environmental burdens in China as well as around the world. In this project, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), which is a representative PAH, was chosen as the object in soil for phytoremediation by BaP-tolerant plant (Tagetes patula L.), and graphene oxide (GO) was applied as the amendment in phytoremediation. The impacts of GO on the growth of Tagetes patula, and the enhancement of GO on phytoremediation, will first be investigate. And then, the contributions of GO, Tagetes patula and indigenous microorganisms, in the process of BaP GO-phytoremediation, will be investigate. Furthermore, we will investigate the efficacy of GO-phytoremediation with relative influencing factors, including GO dosage, BaP initial concentrations, soil pH, soil organic matter content and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), and finally find optimal remediation condition. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of GO-phytoremediation will be studied by analyzing Tagetes patula chlorophyll concentration, Tagetes patula root activity, soil enzymes activity (including catalase, urease and polyphenol oxidase), and soil microbial community diversity.

孔雀草（Tagetes patula L.）作为一种耐苯并（a）芘（BaP）植物，针对土壤多环芳烃（PAHs）污染日益严重这一环境问题，以孔雀草修复BaP污染为例，进一步分析、检验氧化石墨烯（GO）对孔雀草生长的影响以及对其修复BaP的强化作用。在此基础上，深入研究GO和孔雀草联合修复的整体效果以及GO、孔雀草和土著微生物对修复作用的贡献率，并探讨不同影响因素条件下的作用机理，并找到其最佳修复条件。与此同时，通过叶绿素测定、根系活力比较、降解酶（过氧化氢酶，脲酶和多酚氧化酶）测定和土壤微生物群落多样性分析，深入分析、揭示GO强化孔雀草修复BaP污染土壤的机理。本项目将填补有关GO强化PAHs污染土壤生态修复研究的空白，并提供相关技术支撑，并且为今后研究GO参与污染土壤生态修复提供新的思路和奠定一定的理论基础。

本项目主要进行了两方面的研究：氧化石墨烯(GO)和孔雀草联合修复多环芳烃（PAHs）污染土壤的效果和机理；纳米材料对植物健康的影响。首先，研究了石墨烯基纳米材料对土壤细菌菌群结构和功能的影响。在此基础上，深入研究苯并(a)芘(B[a]P)污染条件下，GO对孔雀草生长状况的影响以及对其降解B[a]P能力的影响。与此同时，通过对植物生物量、土壤BaP去除率、BaP在植物体的分布、以及土壤微生物种群结构和功能等方面的测定，深入分析GO强化孔雀草修复B[a]P污染土壤的机理。另外，本项目还研究了不同类型纳米材料对植物萌发能力的影响。并进一步研究了GO暴露对水稻根部形貌、细胞亚显微结构和内生细菌菌群的影响。本项目将为今后研究GO参与污染土壤生态修复提供新的思路和奠定一定的理论基础，并且为研究纳米材料的植物毒性提供第一手的研究资料。