基于低温丝网印刷碳电极的钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能优化及其在电致变色智能窗中的应用研究

The increasingly serious shortages of energy, along with worsening ecological environment crisis, have led to widespread concern for renewable energy and energy-saving technology. Device combination between perovskite solar cell and electrochromic(EC) smart window is proposed in the program to solve the issue of “additional powered” working mode in traditional EC device. The strategy is realized using electrochromic device with WO3 as energy-saving material, while fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells based on a carbon counter electrode as energy sources. A uniform and compact film can be obtained through adjust the composition of printing paste and film forming process, aiming to enhance photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. Tungstic oxide film can be obtained through electro-deposition and sol-gel method. Electrochromic devices will be assembled using tungstic oxide film as cathode. Color changing process is expected powered with aforementioned perovskite solar cells. For perovskite solar cells, the main investigating aspects will be focused on the impact of composition and coating process of screen-printed carbon paste on film quality and carrier mobility as well as exciton recombination mechanism between carbon electrode and perovskite layer. The influences of formulation and preparation process on morphology and electrochromic properties will be investigated. The energy matching relationship and interaction between morphology of related electrode and overall performance will be discussed through the research, paving a way of practical application for building energy conservation and perovskite.

本项目将节能技术与新能源的开发利用相结合，构建自驱动的电致变色智能窗，解决传统电致变色器件需外加电压驱动的弊端。采取的策略是用以碳电极为背电极的钙钛矿太阳能电池为动力源驱动基于WO3的电致变色智能窗的工作。通过控制印刷碳浆的组成及成膜工艺，获得均匀致密、厚度易调的背电极，优化钙钛矿太阳能电池的光伏性能；通过溶胶—凝胶法及电沉积工艺制备WO3薄膜，构建电致变色智能窗，并与钙钛矿太阳能电池联用，形成自驱动电致变色智能窗。重点研究丝网印刷碳浆的组分和涂膜工艺对薄膜质量和载流子迁移率的影响；探索碳电极与钙钛矿吸收层间的激子复合机制及器件的总体构效关系；分析WO3膜的制备工艺对薄膜形貌、电致变色性能的影响；阐明钙钛矿太阳能电池与电致变色智能窗两器件间的能量匹配关系及各电极的形貌与性能间的协同作用；为寻求建筑节能及太阳能的实际应用进行积极有益的探索。

钙钛矿太阳能电池因其优异的光伏性能而受到研究者的广泛关注。空穴传输层作为钙钛矿太阳能电池的重要组成环节，起着有效空穴提取及避免不利的光生载流子复合的重要作用。因此，得到高空穴迁移率及均匀致密的空穴传输层对提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的光伏性能及稳定性至关重要。同时，电致变色电池能够在直流电压的作用下，可逆的实现颜色及透射率的改变，将其应用于智能窗，可有效降低建筑能耗。本项目致力于对钙钛矿太阳能电池及电致变色智能窗性能的优化，并将节能技术与新能源的开发利用相结合，构建自驱动的电致变色智能窗，解决传统电致变色器件需外加电压驱动的弊端，为寻求建筑节能及太阳能的实际应用进行积极有益的探索。.本项目对钙钛矿太阳能电池进行优化。首先利用吩噻嗪良好的给电子能力、便于结构修饰、高的阳离子稳定性及电化学可逆性的特点，通过将吡啶基团化学键合到基于吩噻嗪的空穴传输材料中，改善其成膜性及空穴迁移率，制备适用于p-i-n型钙钛矿太阳能电池的不需低沸点4-叔丁基吡啶添加剂的空穴传输材料，有效提升了钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性。然后利用聚噻吩良好的空穴收集性能，对4-聚噻吩寡聚物进行分子设计，得到结构精准可控、成膜性能良好及高空穴迁移率的空穴传输层，并将其应用于n-i-p型钙钛矿太阳能电池中优化其光伏性能，得到17.69%的光电转化效率。另外，为提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性，通过热喷涂工艺将WO3与TiO2联用制备复合光阳极，并应用于钙钛矿太阳能电池及染料敏化太阳能电池中，实现对光伏性能的优化。此外，尝试对自驱动电致变色器件性能进行优化。利用普鲁士蓝Fe3+的氧化性，加速聚吡咯的氧化过程，制备可自充电的基于聚吡咯/普鲁士蓝/铝的电致变色电池，实现1.2V的电压输出。最后，我们将太阳能电池、电致变色器件及锂离子电池联用，构建集产能、节能、储能于一体的清洁能源智能屋，为太阳能电池及电致变色器件的应用进行积极的探索。