弥散叠加能量下亚流动态疏解塑化行为及装置实现

The problems of focusing on energy to shear zone and cut off the main chain sulfur rubber and plant fiber and even cause carbonization burned were attributed to screw shear. The fiber disintegrated concept of beating was cited in this project. The principle of flexible beating and technology knead of food processing were applied in the polymer plasticized processing. Energy processing method of dispersion superposition under the sub-flow dynamic was used, instead of focusing on processing method of high temperature shear energy. The broken chains and rheology behavior of vulcanizate was researched in the reaction conditions, such as extrusion knead way, frequency, temperature, additives proportion, the former processing, and so on. The disintegrated plasticizing principle and in-situ compatibilization of blending modification technology were explored under vulcanizate of the sub-flow dynamic knead force. The special equipment of vulcanizate disintegrated plasticizing that based on slow stack of the concept of energy was designed. The sulfide bonds of the weak valence bond point was "torned" and the main chain or fiber length was kept selectively by weak (or dispersion) mechanical energy. The broken chain blocker and absorbents were screened. The compatibilization of reclaimed rubber and polymer was promoted by the fracture of sulfide bonds for compatibilized the past incompatible systems. The waste rubber without sulfur disintegrated regeneration was realized, just broken off sulfide bonds and without desulfuration. The efficiency of saving energy was remarkable due to lower processing temperature. There were important significances in areas of new blending modification technology, resource recycling and processing new equipment.

针对螺杆剪切会将能量聚焦到剪切带而切断硫化橡胶等高分子主链和植物中长纤维、甚至引起碳化烧焦等问题，项目引入造纸打浆中的纤维疏解概念，将造纸柔性打浆原理和食品加工的揉和技术引入聚合物塑化加工中，与高温剪切能量聚焦加工方式相反，项目采取亚流动态下弥散叠加能量加工方法，研究挤压揉和方式、频率、温度、助剂配比、前处理过程等反应条件下硫化胶的断链行为和流变性；探索亚流动态揉和力下高分子的疏解塑化原理及原位增容共混改性技术；设计制备一种基于慢速叠加能量概念的硫化胶疏解塑化专用设备，利用弱（或弥散）机械能选择性地断开硫化键等弱价键结合点而保留主链或纤维长度；筛选断链封闭剂和吸附剂，利用断裂的硫化键促进橡胶与聚合物相容，使过去不相容的体系相容；由于只断开硫化键而不脱除硫，实现橡胶的无硫污再生；亚流动所需的加工温度较低而具有明显的节能效益。在新的共混改性技术、资源循环利用及加工新装备方面具有重要意义

聚合物存在很宽泛的亚流动态，我们普遍认为硫化橡胶不能流动，当改变环境条件，如一定温度或溶胀后持续而缓慢施加力它也有流动特征，如：O型橡胶密封圈会缓慢变为扁平，乳胶水管几年后会失去弹性甚至粘连，其隐含过去在短时期内没有注意到存在一种新型转变现象，这种转变现象极有价值：只要设计出一种新的原理实现橡胶快速失去弹性则会使其可以热塑性流动，重要结论是过去只能磨粉的橡胶将能再生塑化使用。.传统的高分子加工方法为什么不适于橡胶再生加工？因为它是基于剪切原理，剪切原理是将能量聚焦于刀口，它很适于熔体流变性质，值得注意的是一旦脱离了熔体状态，剪切还会表现出优秀特征吗？例如橡胶施加剪切力，聚焦的能量将把橡胶剪碎甚至焦化，橡胶就失去了二次加工的价值，这给我们一个启发：要想使橡胶再生，可将能量注入的方式与上述方式反过来即可实现。.与聚焦相反就是发散，发散会弱而慢，就有一个能量速度和能量累积的问题，一旦到位将发生新的转变，这就需要测量证实聚合物是否确实存在很宽泛的亚流动态，且要搞清这个状态是如何转变？各有何差别？如何转变？转变的条件？如何控制？装备如何实现等。.本项目用不同力和频率的方式对其测试表明，确实存在多级转变，硫化橡胶和许多高分子均产生了转变特征。.项目以硫化胶颗粒为实验对象，研究硫化橡胶在不同受力方式、受力大小、受力频率、处理温度、助剂配比、前处理过程等条件下的变形、破坏、亚流动到流动的过程、二次交联行为；研究废轮胎在聚烯烃中疏解塑化原理及原位增容技术；设计制造揉和疏解塑化专用设备，采用弥散能量断开硫化键，同时筛选、研究断链封闭剂和脱硫内吸附剂，使其在加工过程中成为共混相容剂，获得废轮胎资源再生利用的高附加值方法和技术。.这种基于弥散叠加能量原理的新装备特别适合于易降解、易烧焦材料热塑加工，如橡胶再生、淀粉等天然高分子热塑性加工、低密度高强度微孔材料加工等。