冰晶对极地运输船海水系统的传热影响机理研究

In recent years, the industry pay close attention to the arctic channel for the situation of global becoming warmer and warmer, more and more commercial vessels began its first voyage on the arctic channel. However, the consequent applicability of ship critical systems to low-temperature environment is prominent. The sea water piping system of polar carrier is taken as the object for researching, the simulation analysis is focused on the two-phase flow water and ice crystals mechanism in sea water piping system of polar carrier on polar environment, taking use of heat exchangers experiments in key laboratory to carrying out experimental research. The main contents include: parameter analysis of polar marine environment which affecting the sea water piping system of polar carrier; phase field simulation of ice crystal growth process and extraction of key influencing factors; theory reasearch by heat-dynamic model of the two phase flow water and ice crystals; reasearch on heat-transfer mechanism from ice crystals to sea water piping system of polar carrier and experimental verification. Expected research achievements will provide scientific forecasting methods for the forming of ice berg in sea water piping system of polar carrier, and providing guidance data to operation control system of sea water piping system in polar carrier. It has important significance for the reliability of polar carrier's operating in the future.

近年来全球气候变暖使北极航道受到了业界的广泛关注，越来越多的商业船舶开始试水北极航道，但随之而来的船舶关键系统低温环境的适用性问题凸显。本项目以极地运输船海水系统为研究对象， 重点针对极地环境中海水-冰晶两相流作用于极地运输船海水系统的传热机理，进行模拟分析，并利用重点实验室的换热器实验台架开展实验研究。主要研究内容包括:影响极地运输船海水系统工作状态的极地海洋环境参数分析；冰晶生长过程的相场模拟及关键影响因素的提取；海水-冰晶两相热力-动力模型理论研究；冰晶对极地运输船海水系统换热影响机理及实验验证。预期研究成果将为极地运输船海水系统冰塞的形成提供科学的预测方法，对极地运输船舶海水系统的运行控制提供指导数据，这对将来极地运输船舶的运营可靠性具有重要意义。

极地船航行时，航道中的碎冰与海水形成液固两相流进入其海水冷却系统，易引起冰塞、动力系统瘫痪，对其安全航行造成重大危害。然而，目前国内外对海水冷却系统中海水-冰晶两相流热流固耦合机理研究匮乏。本项目以极地运输船海水系统为研究对象， 重点针对极地环境中海水—冰晶两相流作用于极地运输船海水系统的传热机理，进行模拟分析，并利用重点实验室的换热器实验台架开展实验研究。主要研究内容包括：影响极地运输船海水系统工作状态的极地海洋环境参数分析；冰晶生长过程的相场模拟及关键影响因素的提取；海水—冰晶两相热力—动力模型理论研究；冰晶对极地运输船海水系统换热影响机理及实验验证。.对换热设备进行基于换热器壳程内不同海水-冰晶两相流体流速V和含冰率IPF条件下的数值模拟，为保证冰晶粒子不会在换热设备的内部滞留堆积，影响正常运行，经分析可知：.（1）当流体介质在1.5m/s-2.5m/s的流速区间范围内流动时，流体流动过程中克服流阻所消耗的能量较少，换热设备能够正常运行且具备较优的换热效率；.（2）2%-8%是含冰率IPF的最优区间，此时换热器内部不会因含冰率IPF过大而导致流阻过大，导致换热器的冰晶粒子的堆积，影响换热器的高效率正常运行乃至故障。.海水-冰晶两相流的流动和传热特征值得进一步研究。本研究对海水管道中海水-冰晶两相流体的换热特性分析具有实际应用前景，可为极地船海水系统的传热影响机理研究奠定理论基础。