Cellulose is the most abundant carbohydrate in nature, and its full use will become an important mean for human to solve food and energy crises. The grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus represents the species with the largest freshwater aquaculture production in the world. However, so far, knowledge regarding the mechanism of cellulosic digestion by the fish is very inadequate. In the present study, second-generation sequencing techniques accompanying with other molecular methods are employed to determine metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from the intestinal contents of grass carp. The aims of the present study are to 1) identify the cellulase genes in the grass carp gut, 2) elucidate the dynamic processes of cellulase induced by feed and 3) disclose the mechanism of changes behind cellulose-degrading enzymes in intestinal microecosystem and different cellulosic feeds. The overall purpose of the present study is to systematacially illuminate the fish cellulose-degrading mechanism from zymological point of view. The present study is not only meaningful in theory, but also more valuable in application. The additions of cellulase will perfect the cellulose-degrading system in the grass carp intestine, which will improve feed utilization efficiency, decrease pollution of water environment made by feed, and promote the healthy development of grass carp forage industry and even Chinese aquaculture.
纤维素是自然界中含量最多的碳水化合物,对纤维素的充分利用能够为人类解决食品与能源危机提供重要途径。草鱼是全球淡水水产养殖产量最高的种类,但迄今对其草食性的酶学机理还缺乏一个基本的认识。本研究拟以草鱼消化道内容物样品为实验材料,通过对样品的宏基因组与宏转录组测序以及数据的深度挖掘,辅以荧光定量及代表性纤维素酶基因的克隆表达和酶活性检测等实验的验证,鉴定出草鱼消化道纤维素酶基因的来源、种类组成和表达情况,阐明食物驱动的草鱼消化道中纤维素酶基因的变化过程,解析肠道微生态系统适应不同纤维素含量食物的酶学变化机制,评估其纤维素降解酶系的完整性,全面弄清草鱼纤维素降解的酶学机理。这些问题的阐明不但具有重要的理论意义,更具有重大的实际应用价值。根据研究结果在饲料中补充纤维素酶将更合理的完善草鱼消化道纤维素降解系统,从而提高饲料利用效率,促进草鱼饲料工业的健康发展。
草鱼是全球淡水水产养殖产量最高的种类,但迄今为止,对其草食性的酶学机理还缺乏一个基本的认识。本研究以草鱼为实验材料,通过对其肠道样品宏基因组与宏转录组测序以及数据的深度挖掘,解析肠道微生态系统适应不同纤维素含量食物的酶学变化机制,评估其纤维素降解酶系的完整性,弄清草鱼纤维素降解的酶学机理。研究发现摄食不同食物的草鱼肠道微生物COG(Clusters of Orthologous Group)功能是一致的,大多数微生物转录组数据归为“Translation,ribosomal structure and biogenesis”[J](22.8%),其次是“Energy production and conversion”[C] (9.7%)和“Carbohydrate transport and metabolism”[G](8.0%),而“Amino acid transport and metabolism”[E]和“Lipid transport and metabolism”[I]分别占 3.6 和1.0%,这种COG功能组成与熊猫、袋鼠、奶牛、白蚁和人肠道微生物是一致的。进一步分析显示功能类群G在不同纤维素食物组微生物中差异显著(F=4.97,P≤0.05),然而其它功能类群没有显著差异:如功能类群C(F=1.25,P=0.35),E(F=3.44,P=0.10)和I(F=2.23,P=0.19)。这表明不同食物(特别是糖类食物)的差异导致了肠道微生物组的显著差异。我们比较了不同食物组中纤维素酶基因和半纤维素酶基因数量的差异,发现不同食物组中纤维素酶基因和半纤维素酶基因数量没有显著差异(纤维素酶基因:F=1.1,P=0.40,和半纤维素酶基因:F=1.5,P=0.31),然而,当考虑了纤维素酶和半纤维素酶基因read数量后,不同食物组中半纤维素酶基因差异显著(F=14.23,P=0.005),但纤维素酶基因没有显著性差异(F=3.30, P=0.11),不过高纤维素含量食物组纤维素酶基因RPKM值明显高。草鱼自身基因组中没有纤维素酶和半纤维素酶基因,但其肠道微生物具有完整的纤维素酶和半纤维素酶基因,说明肠道微生物对于草鱼摄食植物性食物是必须的。这些问题的阐明不但具有重要的理论意义,更具有重大的实际应用价值。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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