枇杷栽培种和野生种低温及超低温保存的研究

Fruit trees breeding results is determined by fruit trees germplasm resources. So every country pays great attention to germplasm collection and preservation. Sixteen fruit trees germplasm nurseries had been set up in our country. The method of preservation was planting. The potential disadvantages of this method are: a great numbers of fields are need for preservation, the cost of maintaining a large proportion of the available genotypes of those plants in nurseries or fields is extremely high, and there is a risk of material being lost as a result of natural and man-made calamities. However, the disadvantage can be overcome by in vitro preservation which is modern storage method in the world now. In recent years, Loquat germplasm preservation was studied and some achievements got. After the main cultural varieties and wild varieties had being gathered, a culture system in vitro was set up. The most suitable mediums and factors such as the physical and chemical and the external requirements were found out, as well as physiological and biochemical reaction had been observed, and crypreservation of Loquat studied, then a modern Loquat gene bank for germplasm preservation put forward. The research will provide the abundant germplasm resources for the varieties improvement of Loquat.

收集全国枇杷主要栽培品种、野生种和日本枇杷主栽品种，建立起离体培养体系，筛选适于枇杷种质保存的培养基，探讨种质离体长期保存的理化因素及外界条件、保存技术的操作规程，提出枇杷现代化种质库保存模式。为未来枇杷品种改良提供丰富的种质资源，为其他亚热带果树的种质现代化保存提供一定的借鉴。