CIGS光伏墙体技术在严寒地区近零能耗建筑中的高效协同体系研究

CIGS photovoltaic wall is a composite wall composed of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (abbreviated as CIGS) Photovoltaic New Materials，Breathing cavity, insulation and interior wall. Its materials ,which have great durability and weak light generation, are rich in color and suitable for integrated photovoltaic application. Photovoltaic power generation also produces a large amount of waste heat to make the material hot.The topic combines the cold weather conditions to study the comprehensive utilization of CIGS photovoltaic wall power generation, heating as well as heat preservation efficiency，it provides a system of solar energy synergy to improve the thermal performance and the proportion of green energy for the near zero energy consumption buildings in cold regions. 1.The topic will study the high thermal performance wall and its index which are combined by Thermal reflection of the mirror layer of CIGS molybdenum plating and breathing cavity，further cooperate with air source heat pump and fresh air system to maximize solar photothermal utilization. 2.The topic will take into account the photovoltaic collaborative layout method suitable for building surface irradiance changes and the influence of the building shadow to realizes the maximum photoelectric conversion, it accurately predicts the annual PV power generation. 3.The topic will research on the cooperative relationship between the photovoltaic wall and the exterior window of the building to present the window wall ratio of the smallest total building energy consumption . 4. The topic will realize the near zero energy consumption of the whole life cycle building by studying the low technology measures and full life cycle prediction model of CIGS photovoltaic wall.

CIGS光伏墙体是由铜铟镓硒（缩写CIGS）光伏新材料与呼吸式空腔、保温层、内墙组成的复合墙体。CIGS材料色彩丰富、耐久性和弱光发电性好，适合立面式光伏一体化应用。光伏发电还会产生大量余热使材料具有发热性。课题结合严寒气候条件，研究CIGS光伏墙体发电、发热和保温效能的综合利用，为严寒地区近零能耗建筑提供一套提高围护结构热工性能和绿色能源占比，一举两得的太阳能协同利用体系。一、研究利用CIGS背板镀钼镜面层热反射性与呼吸式空腔结合的高热工性能墙体及其指标，进一步与空气源热泵、新风系统协同，实现太阳能光热利用最大化；二、研究适应建筑表面辐照度变化的光伏协同布置方法，综合考虑建筑阴影影响，实现光电转化最大化，并精确预测全年光伏发电量；三是研究光伏墙体与建筑外窗的协同关系，提出建筑总能耗最小的窗墙比区间；四是研究CIGS光伏墙体的低技术措施和全生命期预测模型，实现全生命期建筑近零能耗。

我国建筑碳排放占社会总排放的30%以上，节能减碳空间大。光伏墙体作为光伏建筑一体化（BIPV）技术形式之一，充分利用建筑立面空间，兼具建筑围护结构功能和发电功能，实现了光伏与建筑的有机结合。课题组在沈阳搭建了铜铟镓硒（CIGS）光伏墙体实验平台，基于TRNSYS、FLUENT和Energyplus软件建立相应模型，采用实验测试和模拟仿真相结合手段，研究了严寒地区CIGS光伏墙体的热工性能、节能特性、数字化协同设计方法、光伏建筑窗墙比和经济性评价模型。研究表明冬季光伏墙体的组件和空腔温度可达到30~50℃，夏季可达到40~60℃以上。冬季光伏墙体采取空腔密闭、内循环和新风取热运行模式可节能10~40%，内循环模式光热利用效率约10%，新风取热模式光热利用效率约20%；夏季光伏墙体采用外循环运行模式，光伏组件遮阳和空腔通风增强了光伏墙体的隔热作用，可降低墙体外表面温度10℃左右。系统总结了CIGS光伏墙体适应建筑表面辐照度变化的数字化协同设计方法，以采暖、供冷和照明能耗最优化为目标，提出了光伏墙体分别在南、东、西方向上窗墙比的建议值为0.2~0.4，0.2~0.5，0.2~0.4之间。以实际工程为例分析了CIGS光伏墙体经济性模型和节能减排效益，进一步提出了经济性提升优化策略，提高CIGS光伏墙体技术的推广普及性。