石墨烯/导电聚合物皮芯纳米纤维膜的可控制备及其柔性超级电容器性能研究

Conducting polymer nanofibrous films with low density, high specific surface area and excellent pseudo-capacitive properties show great potential in the field of flexible supercapacitor electrodes. Unfortunately, the low mechanical strength and poor electrochemical stability severely hamper their wide applications. Therefore, under the templating of coaxial electrospun conducting polymer nanofibers, conducting polymer/graphene core-sheath nanofibrous films with unique graphene-wrap-fiber nanostructures are proposed to be prepared in this project for all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors through interface-induced self-assembly strategy and template removal technic. It is expected that this technology could simultaneously improve the electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and electrochemical stability of conducting polymer nanofibrous films. This project will start with the structure design and surface modification of conducting polymer coaxial nanofiber template, and will focus on the exploration of the interface-induced self-assembly mechanism. Furthermore, the relationship between the preparation, structure/morphology and electrochemical performance of the as-prepared composite nanofibrous films will be thoroughly explored. Through the implementation of this project, it is expect to provide useful reference and database for the design and development of conducting polymer-based electrodes for high performance flexible supercapacitors.

具有质轻、高比表面积和高赝电容性能的导电聚合物纳米纤维膜在柔性超级电容器电极材料领域具有广阔的应用前景，然而，目前导电聚合物普遍存在强度低、电化学稳定性差等问题。本项目拟以导电聚合物同轴纳米纤维膜为构筑模板，利用界面诱导自组装法结合模板去除工艺实现石墨烯在导电聚合物纳米纤维表面的可控均匀包覆，以期获得导电性、力学性能和电化学稳定性三重提升的、且具有不同纤维取向度的石墨烯/导电聚合物皮芯纳米纤维膜，并将其应用于柔性全固态超级电容器的研究。本项目将围绕同轴纳米纤维模板的结构设计与界面调控展开，着重探索氧化石墨烯在同轴纳米纤维上的界面诱导自组装机理与调控机制，并建立相关物理模型。系统研究复合纳米纤维膜的结构、形态和表界面性质等因素对柔性超级电容器性能的影响规律，为结构-性能一体化的新型导电聚合物基柔性超级电容器电极材料的研发和应用奠定理论和实践基础。

开发具有良好导电性、高力学性能和优异电化学性能的柔性电极材料对于柔性超级电容器的研究具有极其重要的价值。针对聚合物基柔性储能电极材料，尤其是静电纺纳米纤维电极材料普遍存在的导电性偏低、电化学活性偏少等关键问题，本项目从柔性基底的导电功能化和赝电容材料的纳米多级结构构筑出发，着重开展了导电聚合物复合海绵的可控制备及具有多级结构的双金属氧/硫化物复合纳米纤维材料的可控构筑及其在新能源方面的应用基础研究，主要研究成果如下：（1）发展了电纺纳米纤维的高性能化和多功能化新策略，获得了兼具高导电性、高比表面积和高电化学稳定性的纳米纤维基储能电极材料；（2）实现了导电高分子均匀包裹的聚合物基柔性复合电极材料的可控制备，并探索了其在高性能柔性新能源器件中的应用；（3）发展了具有新奇多级纳米结构的双金属氧/硫化物的可控构筑策略，获得了高电子/离子传输，高比表面积/多活性位点和高力学弹性/稳定性的柔性电极材料，并实现了其在高性能电化学储能领域的应用。本项目取得的研究成果为构筑新一代低成本、高性能的聚合物基柔性超级电容器电极奠定坚实的理论与实践基础。