引黄滴灌条件下灌水器堵塞物质形成机理及自清洗调控模式

In the Yellow River basin, the total water resources were controlled, so developing drip irrigation is an effective ways to solve agricultural water shortage in adjacent area. However, the high sediment content caused increasing the emitter clogging risk of drip irrigation, which has become one of the restricted factors for developing this drip irrigation, while current researches on drip irrigation system using the Yellow River water are very limited. Therefore, we will start the research form emitter clogging dynamics of drip irrigation with Yellow River water. Considering fully in sediment size, concentration, their unique surface morphology characteristics and the coexistence of multiple substances water conditions, the project will explore the morphology, 3D distribution, dynamic components changes of emitter clogging substances using Yellow River, and thus recognizing the formation of clogging substances and their controlling methods. Considering comprehensively the mesoscale features of emitter flow path, the existing sediment biofilm and emitter clogging substances on sediment transport, the simulation model of sediment transport in emitter flow path of drip irrigation using Yellow River water will be established. Furthermore, a new self-cleaning controlling method on emitter clogging will be explored with multi-scenario simulation, through enhancing sediment transporting capacity inside flow path and promoting the detachment of clogging substances near the inner wall.

发展滴灌是解决黄河流域水资源总量控制条件下农业用水紧缺问题的有效途径，但黄河高含沙量使得滴灌灌水器面临了极大的堵塞风险，已成为制约引黄滴灌技术应用的关键问题之一，但真正涉及引黄滴灌系统灌水器堵塞的研究还仅有零星报道。为此，本项目从引黄滴灌系统灌水器堵塞发生规律入手，充分考虑黄河泥沙粒径、浓度特征以及独特的表面特性和多物质共存的水质条件，揭示引黄滴灌灌水器堵塞物质的形态结构、空间分布、组分的动态变化；辨识影响堵塞物质形成的关键因素与减缓堵塞物质形成的途径与方法；综合考虑灌水器流道的介观尺度特征以及黄河泥沙表面附着生物膜和流道内壁附着堵塞物质后对泥沙输移过程的影响，建立水动力学-微生物耦合作用条件下引黄滴灌系统灌水器内部泥沙颗粒（堵塞物质主要成分）输移过程的模型模拟方法；并借助多情景模拟，以提升流道内颗粒物输移能力、近壁面堵塞物质控附促脱为目标，构建灌水器堵塞的自清洗调控新模式。

本项目围绕解决灌水器堵塞这一制约引黄水滴灌技术应用、推广的瓶颈问题为宗旨，通过引黄滴灌现场评估试验和室内精细试验测试，系统、深入地研究引黄滴灌条件下灌水器内部堵塞物质形成机理及自清洗调控模式，（1）摸清了引黄滴灌系统灌水器堵塞物质的形态、组分及分布特性；（2）辨识引黄滴灌系统灌水器堵塞物质形成的主要影响因素、作用过程，探索减缓堵塞物质形成的途径与方法；（3）建立了引黄滴灌条件下灌水器内部泥沙颗粒输移过程模拟方法，提出以提升流道内水流对颗粒物的输移能力、控制近壁面堵塞物质附着与促进堵塞物质脱落为目标的灌水器堵塞自清洗调控模式。结合项目撰写论文12 篇，其中 SCI 期刊收录10篇、在审2篇；申请国家专利6项，其中已授权3项。