环城游憩带乡村旅游发展的影响因素及其驱动机制研究

Tourism, and tourism-based farm diversification in particular, has long and increasingly been considered an effective catalyst of rural development and regeneration. In many places rural tourism has been viewed as alternative industries for traditional rural livelihoods. For the cost of travel time and fees, visitors in metropolis choose Recreational Belt around Metropolis(ReBAM) as their favourite travel destinations. There are about eighty percent rural tourism destinaitons located in ReBAM. The development of rural tourism in ReBAM has led to extensive impacts on the rural tourism communities. Threats can arise to the quality of the physical environment, social structures, and cultures, or from the types and scale of development and the numbers of tourists attracted. As a result, issues of sustainability of rural tourism in ReBAM are receiving increased attention in the context of its development..The driving mechanism of rural tourism development is the way in which various driving factors interact and coordinate in the history of rural tourism development. There are several key factors affecting rural tourism development, which leads to the transition of leading driving forces to change the evolution path and comparative advantage of rural destinations. This study, themed with rural tourism in ReBAM , which is 20-100 kilometers away from city center, identifies the factors impacting rural tourism development, utilizes a scale to measure the factors impacting rural tourism development in ReBAM, and devises an item pool to develop the scale. A personal interview survey is used for data collection. A self completion questionnaire is available to those who prefer to respond to the questionnaire on their own. Data analysis is conducted with the use of SPSS to evaluate the stability and consistency of the measured items and get the key factors impacting rural tourism development in ReBAM. A structural model that describes the relationships between rural toursim development, tourism key impact factors and the driving mechanism will be developed. This study, taking into full account the factors of population, economics and regional culture and so on , aims at building a development driving mechanism model which includes tourism demand puller, tourism supply pusher, tourism management driver, tourism competition motivator and so on. The model, which consists of latent constructs and path hypotheses, is based upon hundreds of useful questionnaires returned by stakeholders in rural tourism destinations of Dalian city. The structural equation model will be used to test hypotheses, by means of LISREL8.7 structural equation analysis package. .The findings will enrich theoretical achievements of Recreational Belt Around Metropolis and rural tourism, broaden the view of research in China 's rural geography，and expand the research vision of global tourism geography.

乡村旅游发展驱动机制是乡村旅游发展过程中，各个驱动要素相互作用的方式和协调互动程序。乡村旅游发展关键影响因素的不同，导致其主导驱动力的转化，从而改变了旅游目的地自身的演化路径和相对优势。乡村旅游发展影响因素识别及驱动机制构建是乡村地理学迫切需要丰富的理论问题。本研究从空间结构演化角度，选大连为研究地点，以距离大连市20-100公里空间环城游憩带乡村旅游为研究对象，采用利益相关者访谈和问卷调查等实证研究方法，充分考虑人口、经济发展和地域文化等因素对乡村旅游发展的影响，界定环城游憩带乡村旅游内外部发展的影响因素，并将其纳入拟建立的驱动机制模型中，从旅游需求拉动、旅游供给推动、旅游管理带动和旅游竞争促动等维度，构建能够适用于一般城市的环城游憩带乡村旅游发展驱动机制模型。该研究将丰富环城游憩带和乡村旅游各自研究的理论成果，增加中国乡村地理学的研究视角，拓展国际旅游地理学的研究空间。

环城游憩带乡村旅游目的地已成为国内旅游消费的主战场，据国家旅游局统计，目前全国城市居民周末休闲和节假日出游，70%以上选择城市周边的乡村旅游地，全国主要城市环城游憩带乡村旅游接待人数年增长均高于20%。“环城游憩带乡村旅游发展的影响因素及其驱动机制研究”项目，主要完成四大部分研究内容：.（1）界定乡村旅游概念体系，剖析乡村旅游研究热点.运用内容分析法，提炼出乡村旅游概念构建的7个标准，将其界定为：乡村旅游是指以可持续旅游为指导，以乡村环境为基础，以城镇居民为主要客源市场，以乡村物质和非物质文化遗产、乡村自然风光和乡村农事活动为核心资源，满足旅游者休闲和求知需求的旅游形式。乡村旅游发展影响因素、乡村旅游利益相关者和乡村旅游企业管理等研究主题是国外学者关注的热点，国内学者更侧重于研究乡村旅游的地理空间结构和驱动机制问题。.（2）识别出环城游憩带乡村旅游发展的影响因素，构建影响因素因果关系模型.项目从三个角度，采用问卷调查法和统计分析法识别出环城游憩带乡村旅游发展的21个关键影响因素，采用优化DEMATEL方法对因素进行分析，发现：旅游目的地与客源地之间距离是原因因素；居民满意度和居民乡村旅游接受度是结果因素。根据21个关键影响因素间因果关系构建了乡村旅游发展影响因素因果关系模型，为乡村旅游的开发和管理提供参考.（3）揭示居民旅游影响感知、态度与参与行为之间的关系.项目以居民影响感知为研究切入点，建立居民影响感知、态度与参与行为的关系模型，通过对回收的457份有效调研问卷数据进行可靠性和有效性检验，采用相关分析、回归分析和结构方程等数据分析方法，对居民旅游影响感知、态度和参与行为之间的关系进行检验。研究发现：居民对旅游正面影响感知对旅游发展的态度和参与行为有显著正面影响，居民对旅游负面影响感知对居民的态度没有显著影响，但对居民的参与行为有显著正向影响，居民对旅游发展的态度对其参与行为有显著正向影响。.（4）剖析了乡村旅游目的地发展的驱动机制.项目运用系统动力学理论构建乡村旅游发展驱动机制的动力学模型，通过对产业经济、资源环境和社会文化三个子系统参数的调控，模拟出五种乡村旅游发展的驱动模式，预测乡村旅游收入、农业总产值、农民人均纯收入和乡村旅游景区面积等变量的动态变化。研究发现：产业经济—资源环境—社会文化协调型发展模式是乡村旅游发展的最佳模式。